计算机三维模型在解剖教育中的应用  

The Application of Three Dimensional Computer Model in Anatomy Education

作　　者：范敏[1] 戴培山[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南女子学院教育与法学系,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南大学生物医学工程研究所,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国医学物理学杂志》2012年第6期3822-3826,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81171420);湖南省自然科学基金(No.10JJ4014);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(No.11C0696)

摘　　要：在传统的解剖学教学中,学生通过文字描述、图表、教具和尸体解剖来获得解剖学知识。这样的教学方式在帮助学生理解解剖结构的三维形态方面有局限性。计算机三维模型在解剖结构学习中的优势是可以从多角度观测,形象直观;可以使学生学习的更快,学习效率更高。本文首先介绍了解剖教育中所用计算机三维模型的构建方法和步骤。然后,按模型构建的难易程度将其分为两类,分别分析其在解剖教育中的应用。一类是较容易重建的三维模型,该类模型可以自动或半自动的构建,建模周期短,已在解剖学教育中得到广泛应用。以较大骨组织模型为例,分析了其应用于解剖教育的研究进展。另一类是较难重建的三维模型,以耳颞部和神经三维模型为例,对其应用于解剖教育的研究进展进行综述。分析了主要的耳颞部三维模型构建方法:基于解剖学参数构建三维模型和利用组织切片图像或者Micro-CT图像构建三维模型,并比较了两种方法的优缺点。分析了神经系统三维模型构建的主要方法:构建了骨组织等框架组织三维模型后,根据文献描述的神经与骨组织的相互关系"雕绘"构造神经三维模型。最后,讨论了三维模型构建方面存在的问题和对三维模型在解剖学教学中的作用的不同看法。Students obtain anatomy knowledge through the descriptive text, charts, teaching aids and autopsy specimens in tra- ditional anatomy teaching, which has limitation for students in understanding three-dimensional （3D） shape of anatomy struc- ture. The advantages of 3D computer model in anatomy education are that the 3D models can be observed in multi-angle, the model is intuitive and vivid, and can enable students to learn fast and efficiently. Firstly, the constructing methods and steps of 3D computer model in anatomy education were introduced. Then, the 3D models were classified into two categories and we an- alyzed their applications in anatomy education. One class is the models that are relatively easy to reconstruct, which can be re- constructed automatically or semi-automatically. These models can be reconstructed in a short period and have been widely used in anatomy education. Large bone models were taken as examples to analyze the r6search progress of these 3D models using in anatomy education. The other class is the models that are relatively difficult to reconstruct. Temporal bone and nerve models were taken as examples to analyze the research progress of these 3D models using in anatomy education. The two main temporal bone model constructing methods, constructing 3D models using anatomical parameters and slice image or Micro-CT image were analyzed, and the advantage and disadvantage of these two methods were discussed. As to construct 3D models of nerve system, eagle painting methods were used to produce the 3D models of nerve system, after the bone tissue models were con- structed. At last, the problems in 3D model construction and the different opinions in the role of 3D computer model in anatomy education were discussed.

关 键 词：计算机建模 三维模型 解剖教育 研究进展 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学] R318[文化科学—教育技术学]