公路隧道火灾逃生距离及逃生风险分析  

Escape distance and escape risk analysis in road tunnel fire condition

作　　者：徐永[1,2] 廖少明[1] 李伟平 门燕青[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海200092 [2]常州工程职业技术学院,江苏常州213164 [3]浙江省交通规划设计研究院,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2012年第12期155-161,共7页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：浙江省交通运输厅科技项目(2010H02);交通部钱江隧道科技项目(2009-353-333-340);国家自然科学基金(51078292)

摘　　要：公路隧道火灾工况下的人员疏散逃生涉及多方面复杂因素,而影响到逃生设计方案的可靠性。基于国内外相关隧道疏散模拟试验的统计分析结果,依据风险管理规范相关规定,采用Monte Carlo随机数值试验方法对疏散逃生设计进行模拟分析,并对火灾工况下人员逃生风险等级与逃生距离的关系进行分析。通过分析得出,火灾工况下人员逃生的风险可接受的逃生距离区间为(0,380]m,风险勉强可接受的逃生距离区间为(380,445]m,这一结果虽与国内外公路隧道规范中逃生通道间距的取值范围基本一致,但由于其与特定人员荷载、逃生方式等密切相关,因此,在公路隧道逃生通道间距的设计上应充分考虑这些因素的影响,而不是简单地采用某一固定不变的上限或下限值。Crowd evacuation and individual escape in road tunnel fire condition are affected by many factors, so the reliability of evacuation design is of more uncertainty. On the basis of statistical analysis results of tunnel evacuation simulation experiments and some risk management regulations, the Monte Carlo random numerical simulation experiment was conducted, and the relations between escape risk grades and escape distances were analyzed. It is concluded that the acceptable risk interval of escape distance in fire condition is （0,380 ~ meters, the limited acceptable risk unacceptable interval is （380,445 ~ meters. This results agree well with the distance interval of tunnel escape passage in domestic and overseas codes, and is of instructive significance to distance interval adoption of tunnel escape passage. Due to the complex factors （e. g. specific personnel loads and escape type） involving in the evacuation in tunnel, it should be emphasized that the design of the escape passages in road tunnel should take above factors into consideration instead of adopting some cerain upper limit/lower limit intervals rigidly.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 风险评估 逃生距离 蒙特卡洛随机模拟 

分 类 号：U458[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]