农田土壤N_2O和NO排放的影响因素及其作用机制  

Factors Controlling N_2O and NO Emissions from Agricultural Soils and Their Influencing Mechanisms: A Review

作　　者：蔡延江[1,2] 丁维新[1] 项剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室(中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所),成都610041

出　　处：《土壤》2012年第6期881-887,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971134);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-439)资助

摘　　要：农田土壤作为N2O和NO的重要排放源而备受关注。硝化和反硝化是土壤N2O和NO产生的两个主要微生物过程,环境因子和农田管理措施等因素强烈影响着这两个过程以及N2O和NO的排放。本文重点论述了土壤水热状况、土壤质地、pH、肥料施用、耕作措施变更等关键性影响因素对农田土壤N2O和NO排放的影响及其影响机制。It is of prevalent concern that agricultural soil is a significant source of atmospheric N2O and NO. Nitrification and denitriflcation are the two key processes involved in N2O and NO production. These two microbial processes and subsequent N2O and NO emissions are strongly influenced by environment factors and management measures in the agricultural land. In this paper, a review was presented to summarized the effects of soil moisture and temperature conditions, soil texture and pH, fertilizer application and changes in tillage practice on N2O and NO production and emission in agricultural soils.

关 键 词：氧化亚氮 一氧化氮 冻融 减排 土壤-作物体系 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X131.3