关于设立渤海综合管理委员会必要性的认识  

Recognition on the Necessity of Establishing Bohai Sea Comprehensive Management Committee

作　　者：徐祥民[1] 张红杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法政学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第12期1-6,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重大攻关招标课题"中国海洋发展战略研究"(编号:03JZD0024);国家海洋局"渤海区域立法研究"项目

摘　　要：近年来,关于制定渤海特别法的呼声越来越强烈。作为渤海特别立法的积极拥护者,我们赞同以往著述中的一些观点,同时也认为在正式起草渤海特别法之前我们还有许多无法回避且尚未解决的问题。为渤海管理设立专门的机构就是这些问题之一。以往的渤海治理及环境保护从总体上来说是不成功的,主要原因之一就在于没有一个一体化的专门的管理机构对渤海实施综合管理。渤海已经和正在遭受的多重的损害不仅非单一行政部门或单一执法部门所能阻止和弥补,也非多个分头行动的部门靠分别的执法活动所能救治,只有通过综合管理才能奏效。这种综合管理主要包括三方面内容:一是对渤海、海岸带、近岸陆域管理做一体化的思考。渤海海陆之间存在着依存关系,脱离这种依存关系的单纯的陆上活动和海里活动都难以解决渤海环境问题。渤海水体覆盖的空间与海岸带、近岸陆域这三部分的集合构成了一个完整的渤海生态系统。必须把渤海视为一个环境整体,按照生态系统完整性的要求管理这个环境整体。二是对渤海的污染防治、资源可持续利用、生态保护实施综合管理。三是环渤海省市的协调行动:不管是部门之间的协调、地方之间的协调,还是部门之间、地方之间的双重协调都比分头行动更有利于渤海环境治理。现行管理体制下的任何一个部门都无法在自己的管理活动中把渤海连同海岸带、近岸陆域等当成一个整体来对待。对渤海实施综合管理的组织形式只能是建立具有综合管理功能的渤海综合管理委员会。由这个组织机构统一安排发展与保护两类事情,发展与保护的矛盾才能得到妥善的解决。In recent years, the demand for the formulation of a special law for the Bohai has become stronger and stronger. As the advocates for the special law for the Bohai, we agree with certain remained problems can not be avoided about the special law for the the management of the Bohai using a special law for the Bohai. viewpoints in the past writings, but feel that there are still many Bohai. One of the problems is to establish a special organization for Because there is not an organisation to implement the integrated management, the past practices in the control and governance of the Bohai Sea were unsuccessful. The previous treatment and protection of Bohai Sea environment was not successful. The multiple damage of Bohai Sea neither could be hindered or remedied by single administrative department or single law enforcement agency, nor could be cured by individual action from several departments. The comprehensive management is proved to be effective. The comprehensive management means to consider the management of Bohai Sea, Bohai coastal zone and Bohai offshore integration according to the sea-and-land interdependence. Any pure land-based activity or sea-based activities disregarding this interdependency is impossible to solve this problem. The space covered by the water of the Bohai Sea forms a whole environment with the coastal lines and coastal land. In many cases, these three parts form a complete eco-system and provide all conditions for the eco-process. We must definitively regard the Bohai Sea as an entire environment and manage this environment according to the requirements of the ecosystem integrity. The best management scheme is comprehensive management which is made up of pollution prevention, ocean exploitation （sustainable utilization of resources ）, ecological protection, and coordinated action of four provinces （municipality city） and twelve cities. Under the current management system, none of land management department treats the Bohai Sea together with the coastal lines and coastal land as

关 键 词：渤海特别法 渤海管理委员会 渤海环境保护 

分 类 号：X197[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X32