森林植被的显花、传粉与繁育系统  

Florescence,pollination and breeding systems of forest vegetation

作　　者：方炎明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第6期1-7,共7页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BAC39B01;2008BAC39B06)

摘　　要：显花、传粉和繁育系统多样性是当前植物生殖生态学的研究热点之一。近10年来该领域的研究进展主要围绕以下几方面展开:(1)基本显花功能类型(简称花型)被区分为碟碗型、钟漏型、头刷型、咽喉型、旗帜型和筒管型等,花色分为白、黄、蓝、紫、粉红、红、绿、褐和黑等,提出并比较了不同的花大小划分标准。因此以花型、花色和花大小为特征的植物显花系统呈现出高度的变异格局和复杂的生态关联。(2)传粉系统包括风媒、水媒、鸟类传粉、蝙蝠传粉和昆虫传粉;昆虫为主导传粉系统,细分为蟑螂、蓟马、甲虫、飞蛾、蝴蝶、蝇类、胡蜂、蚂蚁和蜜蜂传粉;传粉系统类型多样、时空分异,与显花系统密切关联。(3)繁育系统可简单地区分为两性、单性异株和单性同株繁育系统,也可细分为两性、单性异株、单性同株、雌全同株、雄全同株、雌全异株、雄全异株等7类繁育系统。繁育系统功能多样,区域分异,与传粉系统关联。另外,笔者对植物生殖生态学的发展趋势、理论创新、方法技术创新进行了展望。The diversity of florescence,pollination and breeding systems is recently one of key topics in the plant reproductive ecology.The author reviewed the advances in this field during the past 10 years.Main results are as follows： six basic types of floral types was identified,e.g.dish-bowl,bell-funnel,head-brush,gullet,flag and tube,and the floral colors was divided into nine categories,e.g.white,yellow,blue,violet,pink,red,green,brown,and black.We also compared different criteria of floral size.The florescence system characterized by floral types,flora color and floral size showed a highly variable pattern and complex ecological relevance.Plant pollination system includes anemophily,hydrophily,ornithophily,chiropterophily and entomophily.Furthermore,the entomophily was divided into nine categories,e.g.cockroach pollination,thripsophily,cantharophily,phalaenophily,psychophily,fly pollination,sphecophily,myrmecophily,and melittophily.The pollination system was closely associated with floral types and colors.The plant breeding system could be divided into hermaphroditic,dioecious and monoecious,or into seven categories,e.g.hermaphroditic,dioecious,monoecious,gynomonoecious,andromonoecious,gynodioecious and androdioecious.The breeding system diversity was associated with pollination system significantly.The author also look into the future of development trend,theoretical,method and technique innovation of plant reproductive ecology.

关 键 词：生殖生态学 花型 花色 花大小 传粉系统 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]