负相容效应理论与研究  

The Theory and Research of the Negative Compatibility Effect

作　　者：王佳莹[1] 张明[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学心理学系,长春130024

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第6期1353-1357,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题(20110043110012);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(10SSXT114)的资助

摘　　要：负相容效应指在掩蔽的箭头启动项后呈现箭头目标项时,对与启动项方向不一致的目标项反应更快的现象。综述了负相容效应的主要理论及其实验依据,包括自我抑制理论、知觉交互作用理论、双系统假设、后效假设和评估窗假设。提出未来研究要关注于实验控制的系统化和规范化、理论修正与整合、认知神经研究方法应用以及提高研究生态效度。The Negative Compatibility Effect （NCE） is the surprising result that masked prime arrows inhibit the responses of compatibility target arrows and facilitate the responses to opposite direction target arrows at the Prime-Target Interstimulus Interval （ISI） of around lOOms, which is reversed when ISI is less than 60ms. NCE, a kind of subliminal perception,gives rise to a large amount of research because it is subliminal and counterintuitive. This article reviews the major theories and research of NCE, including two major theories： the self-inhibition hypothesis and the perceptual interaction theory, as well as other three theories proposed in recent years：- the two --system interpretation hypothesis, the cognitive aftereffects hypothesis, and the evaluation window account. The self-inhibition hypothesis proposes that NCE is due to the inhibition of response code, reflecting an automatic self-inhibition of the response triggered by the invisible prime. It has been proved by the Lateralized Readiness Potential （LRP） and most behavioral research ,but challenged by research obtaining NCE with the visible prime. According to the Perceptual Interaction Theory, NCE is due to the perceptual interaction between the arrow prime and the mask when they have properties in common. It is not the visibility but the perceptual properties that decide the direction of priming. But there are research findings that show NCE without mask or with stimulus without similar properties. The Two-System Interpretation Hypothesis, which tries to combine the two major theories, proposes that different mechanisms operate simultaneously in different ways. But there are still some details to be considered. The Cognitive Aftereffects Hypothesis considers NCE as an aftereffect that produces a negative image due to overexposure and habituation to a stimulus for reducing source confusion between successively presented stimuli. This hypothesis tries to explain NCE together with other negative priming effects from the perspective of n

关 键 词：负相容效应 掩蔽启动 自我抑制 客体更新 掩蔽激活 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]