学前儿童父母的教养压力与严厉管教的关系  

Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Harsh Discipline in Preschoolers' Parents

作　　者：方荟[1] 王美芳[1] 邢晓沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2012年第6期835-838,841,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(11YJA190017)资助

摘　　要：目的:考察学前儿童父母的教养压力与严厉管教的关系。方法:以683名学前儿童的父亲和母亲为被试,以父母教养压力问卷简表(PSI/SF)和亲子冲突解决策略量表(CTSPC)作为研究工具分别测查学前儿童父母的教养压力和严厉管教。结果:①男孩母亲比女孩母亲报告更大的教养压力,但男孩父亲和女孩父亲报告的教养压力之间无显著差异;不同年龄的学前儿童父亲或母亲报告的教养压力均无显著差异;与父亲相比,母亲报告的教养压力更大。②除3岁儿童母亲的心理攻击显著低于4岁和5岁的儿童母亲外,父亲和母亲的严厉管教均不存在显著的儿童性别差异和年龄差异。③父亲和母亲的教养压力与其对儿童实施的严厉管教之间存在显著正相关,其中与心理攻击的相关程度最高,与虐待相关程度最低。④多元回归分析发现,母亲教养压力中的困难儿童维度是其三种严厉管教方式的较为稳定的预测因素,父亲教养压力中的教养困难维度是其心理攻击和体罚的较为稳定的预测因素。结论:父亲和母亲的教养压力与其对学前儿童实施的严厉管教之间存在密切关系,且这种关系强度随严厉管教严重性的增强而减弱。父母教养压力的不同维度对其严厉管教具有不同的预测作用。Objective： To explore the relationship between parenting stress experienced by preschoolers＇ parents and parental harsh discipline. Methods： Parenting Stress Index-Short Form （PSI/SF） and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales （CTSPC） were administered to 683 preschoolers＇ fathers and mothers. Results： （1）Mothers reported significantly higher scores on parenting stress with boys than with girls. Meanwhile, mothers reported higher scores on parenting stress compared with fathers. （2）Mothers reported more frequent use of psychological aggression towards 4-years-olds and 5-years- olds than with 3-years-olds. （3）Parental parenting stress was significantly and positively associated with their harsh discipline, especially psychological aggression. （4）The multiple regression analysis showed that mothers＇ scores on the Difficult Child subscale significantly and stably predicted three forms of their harsh discipline, while fathers＇ scores on the Parental Distress subscale significantly and stably predicted their psychological aggression and physical punishment. Conclusion： The parenting stress experienced by preschoolers＇ parents is significantly and positively associated with harsh discipline they perpetrate towards children, and the strength of such relationship decrease with the severity of the harsh discipline. The three dimensions from parenting stress predict parents＇ harsh discipline differently.

关 键 词：学前儿童 教养压力 严厉管教 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]