“助人自助”与“建设救灾”——1931年江淮大水灾后重建观念及其措施研究  

Helping People to Help Themselves and Constructive Relief of Disaster——Reconstruction Concepts and Measures after the 1931 Jiang-Huai Flood

作　　者：孔祥成[1] 刘芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计学院社科部,上海201620 [2]上海工程技术大学社科学院,上海201620

出　　处：《中国农史》2012年第4期80-89,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：2011年度国家社会科学基金项目<民国时期救灾机制研究>(批准号为11CZS039);上海市教育委员会2011年度科研创新项目<启示与借鉴:民国时期的灾后重建机制研究>(批准号为11YS244);上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(项目编号J51703)

摘　　要：民国时期灾害频仍,在西学东渐的影响下,政府和社会各界重新思考救灾问题,中国传统的救灾思想进一步转型,"变救为助"、"教养兼施"逐渐成为民国灾害救助的主导理念。这一理念在灾后重建的机制设计中得到充分体现,以工代赈、以贷代赈、以助代赈观念在救灾实践中脱颖而出,并作为1931年大水灾后重建的重点项目而得以优先运用,其运作机理和特点彰显了民国时期救助比例结构性的变化,以及重建机制在操作层面上的日渐成熟。Frequent disasters occurred every year in the Republic of China. Under the influence of western, the government and society reconsider disaster relief problems. As a result, the traditional relief ideas has transformed further from relief to help, from shelter to education. The developed relief concept was fully re- flected in the design of mechanisms for post-disaster reconstruction. As the key project of reconstruction, work relief, loan relief, help instead of relief, were practiced successfully. Its operation mechanism and features showed structural change of aid proportion and the reconstruction mechanism at the operation level of matures during the period of the Republic of China.

关 键 词：1931年大水 灾后重建 以工代赈 以农代赈 以助代赈 

分 类 号：S09[农业科学] K25[历史地理—历史学]