圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机的研制与试验  

Design and experiment on potato digger of disc ce-grate type

作　　者：石林榕[1] 吴建民[1] 赵武云[1] 孙伟[1] 王蒂[1] 李辉[2] 刘全威[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州城市学院后勤管理处,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第24期15-21,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：甘肃省重大专项(1102NKDM025);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD06B03)

摘　　要：针对目前中国马铃薯收获机械普遍存在的薯土分离不完全、易于堵塞、振动大和功耗过大等问题,该文研制了一种与四轮拖拉机配套的圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机。为提高分离效率,该机采用栅条式挖掘装置和圆盘栅式分离装置,通过计算确定了挖掘装置和分离装置各关键参数。改进了圆盘切刀结构,方便其切土的同时漏掉侧边细小土壤。田间试验表明:圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机挖掘、输运流畅、分离效果显著,伤薯率为4.3%、损失率为3.3%、明薯率为97.5%,3项指标结果均达到了技术规范设计要求。此外与拨指轮式马铃薯挖掘机进行的田间试验对比中发现,该机在明薯率和损伤率2项参数对比中占优。因此,圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机的研制成功为西北旱作农业区垄作马铃薯的挖掘提供了一种防堵、薯块易捡拾、功耗小和适应性强的马铃薯挖掘机。In accordance with current problems that soil and potato are separated incompletely, potato digger are easy to be plugged, excessive power consumption and so on, exsit in potatoes digger. A disc ce-grate type potato digger was designed, which matched with the four-wheels tractor. The lense-like digging shovel device and the disc ce-grate type of separation device was used to improve the separation efficiency, and the key parameters of the fense-like digging shovel device and the disc ce-grate type separation device were calculated and determined. The disc cutter structure was improved to leave tiny soil on the two sides of digging shovel while cutting soil. Field test showed that potato digger performed smoothly in digging and transporting, the separation effect was efficient, damage rate was 4.3%, losing rate was 3.3%, the obvious rate was 97.5%, all of which matched with the design requirements of technical specifications. Besides, in comparison with field test results of poke-finger-wheel type potato digger, obvious rate and damage rate of disc ce-grate type potato digger were better. Therefore, the study can provide an anti-blocking, easily picking up, little power consumption and well-adapted potato digger for ridge potato digging in the northwest dry farming area.

关 键 词：农业机械 挖掘装置 结构设计 分离装置 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]