鱼类Hox基因簇结构、表达和进化方面研究进展  

A Review of Composition,Expression,and Evolution in Fish Hox Gene Cluster

作　　者：耿波[1] 孙效文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2012年第4期60-64,68,共6页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家计划(973)项目子课题"鱼类数量性状多基因聚合育种技术研究"(编号:2010CB126305)

摘　　要：Hox基因(homeobox genes,同源异型盒基因)是一类含有同源框、参与动物早期胚胎发育的关键基因。其在胚胎发育中的表达水平对组织和器官的形成有重要的调控作用。脊索动物如文昌鱼(Branchiostoma floridae)有1个Hox基因簇,包括15个基因;哺乳动物有4个基因簇,各含有约13个Hox基因,位于4条染色体上;硬骨鱼类的连锁群更多,如斑马鱼(拉丁名)基因组中有7个Hox基因连锁群。分析不同鱼类的同源框基因家族(Homobox gene family,Hox)的结构组成,揭示Hox基因家族在不同进化时间的进化动态和规律,以更好地阐释在新基因形成、物种分化以及维持遗传系统稳定性等作用,探讨DNA序列的同源性和不同物种间的亲缘关系,这对于保护生物多样性,尤其是遗传多样性、揭示生物进化历程及其机理具有参考意义。The Hox genes as a large family of DNA-binding transcription factors are organized into clusters that are strikingly collinear with their spatial and temporal expression patterns, with each cluster containing no more than 13 different genes, and that appear to play key roles in the body plans of a wide range of metazoan species. The genes order in the cluster is highly conserved through a long evolution terms, suggesting a selective pressure on the entire cluster. A single Hox cluster containing 15 Hox genes is found in chor- date such as amphioxus （Branchiostomafloridae）, four Hox clusters distributing on 4 chromosomes are shown in mammals and more than four Hox clusters ray in teleosts, 7 Hox clusters being in zebrafish. Study on Hox genes of fishes will help to understand the evolu- tionary dynamics and patterns of Hox genes family in the short, medium and long evolutionary time, and to explain the formation of new genes, species and genetic differentiation to maintain system stability and other aspects of the role. Therefore, evaluation of DNA sequence homology and phylogenetic relationships between species will show great significance in the conservation of biological di- versity （particularly genetic diversity） and in explanation of the course and mechanismof biological evolution.

关 键 词：同源框基因 基因簇 平行进化同源基因 

分 类 号：Q754[生物学—分子生物学]