麻醉剂及其他试剂对小鼠心电活动的影响  

Effects of anesthetics and other different kinds of reagents on ECG in mice

作　　者：晁晓峰[1] 赵宇[1] 陆凯[1] 喻冰琪[1] 王彦苏[1] 左学勇[1] 秦立成[1] 金芝萍[1] 徐祥[1] 谢可鸣[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学医学部 [2]苏州大学医学部病理学与病理生理学系,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《江苏实用心电学杂志》2012年第4期235-241,共7页Journal of Practical Electrocardiology JS

基　　金：江苏省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SG315935)

摘　　要：目的观察麻醉剂对小鼠心电图的影响及给予小鼠不同试剂所引起的心电图变化。方法取健康ICR小鼠,随机分为0.4%戊巴比妥钠、0.6%戊巴比妥钠、10%氨基甲酸乙酯、3%水合氯醛及2.5%三溴乙醇5组,分别经腹腔注射对应制剂并观察麻醉效果,另对上述相应麻醉条件下各组小鼠进行动态心电图描记,与不麻醉的生理盐水对照组比较心率的变化;选择3%水合氯醛作为麻醉剂,以生理盐水组为对照,比较肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和异丙基肾上腺素对小鼠心率的影响;分别定量给予一定浓度的抑制性试剂普萘洛尔、利多卡因、乳酸和氯化钾溶液,观察记录清醒状态下小鼠心率及其他心电图的变化。结果麻醉效果观察中,0.6%戊巴比妥钠、3%水合氯醛或者2.5%三溴乙醇的进入麻醉需时较短而麻醉持续期较长,其中3%水合氯醛和2.5%三溴乙醇的麻醉效果尤为稳定;麻醉效果明显的0.6%戊巴比妥钠、3%水合氯醛和2.5%三溴乙醇组小鼠的心率与各自给药前相比均明显降低(P<0.05),且与麻醉药的剂量有关;给予肾上腺素受体激动剂并不能改变3%水合氯醛对心率的明显抑制作用,麻醉组心率大多显著慢于给药前或同一时间点生理盐水组,在不麻醉清醒状态下,给予肾上腺素或去甲肾上腺素后小鼠心率显著慢于给药前(P<0.05或<0.01);清醒状态下分别给予小鼠肾上腺素受体阻滞剂普萘洛尔、抗心律失常药利多卡因、心脏抑制剂1mol/L乳酸或5%氯化钾溶液均能显著抑制心率(P<0.05或<0.01)及引起多种类型的心律失常。结论麻醉剂对心电活动有显著抑制作用,对心血管活性药物的药效也有明显干扰作用;清醒状态下小鼠心电图观测对心脏电生理研究、抑制性心血管药物或试剂的药理及毒理学的研究以及基础与临床医学实验教学都具有重要应用价值。Objective To observe the effects of anesthetics and other different kinds of reagents on ECG in mice . Methods Healthy ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and respectively re- ceived intraperitioneal injection of one of the following anesthetics： pentobarbital sodium solution（PS） of 0.4% or 0.6%, 10% ethyl carbamate （ EC ）, 3% chloral hydrate （ CH ）, 2.5% tribromoethanol （ TBE ）. Anesthetic effects were observed and compared between groups. Anesthetic inhibition effect on heart rate were compared between groups, or with those before administrating and of simultaneous normal saline （NS） group. Under the situation of CH-induced anesthesia, the effects of three kinds of adrenoreceptor agonists （adrenaline,noradrenaline and isoprenaline） on heart rate were observed and compared with that both of simultaneous NS group and before administrating. The drugs and reagents with the effects of inhibition to cardiomyocytes, including β-adrenegic antagonist propranolol, sodium channel blocker lidocaine, lactic acid and potassium chloride were used to test their effects on ECG in mice. Results Three anesthetics of 0.6% PS, 3% CH and 2.5% TBE exhibit their satisfactory anesthetic effect, especially for 3% CH and 2.5% TBE ,which got a further more steady effect. Compared with those before administrating, the three anaesthetics mentioned above could significantly slow the heart rate （P 〈 0.05 ） . These phenomenon could not be altered even though adrenoreceptor agonists were given intraperitoneously. Besides, it was found that both adrenaline and noradrenaline could significantly suppress heart rate, while resecptively compared with the situation before administrating（P 〈0.05 or 〈 0.01 ） . The heart rates after administrating in certain concentration of propranolol, lidocaine, lactic acid and potassium chloride were slower than those before administrating（P 〈0.05 or 〈0.01 ） and, at the same time, the administration could also lead to various kinds of arrhymias. Conclusion An

关 键 词：心电图 麻醉剂 肾上腺素受体激动剂 β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂 乳酸 氯化钾 小鼠 

分 类 号：R540.41[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R971[医药卫生—内科学]