高速铁路客车车内声品质客观参量与主观评价相关性分析  

Analysis on Correlation between Objective Parameters and Subjective Evaluation of Sound Quality of High Speed Passenger Train

作　　者：刘岩[1] 杨冰[2] 叶贵鑫[1] 张常宾[3] 张晓娟[4] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [3]大连交通大学教务处,辽宁大连116028 [4]大连科技学院机械工程系,辽宁大连116052

出　　处：《铁道学报》2012年第12期35-39,共5页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL1207)

摘　　要：本文应用噪声与振动分析系统的HMSⅢ双耳信号采集器,提取高速铁路客车响度、尖锐度、粗糙度等声品质客观参量进行客观评价分析研究,得出A计权网络大幅衰减噪声在低频区段的声压级。由于实际中A计权在低频范围的声压级被大幅衰减,以至于高速铁路客车噪声在低频范围内被低估。另外,高频成分比例(尖锐度)同样对人耳主观感受形成较大影响,其结果造成即使高速铁路客车噪声达到A声压级要求,也与噪声实际情况,特别是其传声机理和声场分布规律不相符,给高速铁路客车减振降噪设计带来偏差。研究结果表明:高速铁路客车普通车厢内的尖锐度呈现出随速度提高而增加的趋势;高速铁路客车速度的提升对粗糙度影响不大。该研究结果可以为高速铁路客车减振降噪设计提供依据。The HMSⅢ biauricular signal collector of the noise and vibration analysis system was used to extract objective parameters of sound quality including loudness, sharpness, roughness and so on and to carry out objective evaluation. It is concluded that the A-weighting network significantly attenuates the sound pressure level（SPL）of noises in the low frequency range. So noises are underestimated in the low frequency range in high-speed passenger cars. In addition the high frequency components（sharpness） has great influence on subjective feeling of human ears, as a result, even when noises inside high-speed passenger cars satisfy the requirements of A-weighting SPL, the noise transmission mechanism cannot accord with the distribution rule of the sound field, which will cause deviation to vibration and noise reduction de- sign of high-speed passenger trains. The results show as follows： The sharpness of noises inside general carriages of high-speed passenger trains demonstrates an intensifying tendency with raizing of train speeds; but the roughness chan- ges little when train speeds are raized. The study provides reference to design of vibration and noise reduction of high- speed passenger trains.

关 键 词：高速铁路客车 声品质 客观参量 主观评价 测试 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]