专名、摹状词和命题的涵义与指称——兼评弗雷格的意义理论  

On the Sense and Reference of Proper Names,Descriptions and Propositions:Comments on Frege's Theory of Meaning

作　　者：陈晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院哲学所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2012年第6期123-136,194,共14页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(项目编号:10BZX020);广东省社会科学"十一五"规划项目(项目编号:09C-01);广东省高校人文社科基地重大项目(项目编号:10JDXM72001)

摘　　要：一个摹状词本身所具有的涵义即它的语法意义,它在某个世界或语境中对应(映射)一个对象,那个对象就是该摹状词的指称。一个命题本身也具有作为涵义的语法意义,它在某个世界或语境中对应(映射)一个事态,那个事态就是该命题的指称。在通常的动态语境中,由于摹状词指称的对象需要具有同一性,因而需要专名来固定之。与之不同,命题所指称的事态不必对之加以固定,因而不需要类似于专名的东西。这使得摹状词通常呈现为三层语义结构即摹状词(涵义)—专名—对象(指称),而命题则呈现为二层语义结构即命题(涵义)—事态(指称)。A description itself has a sense,namely its grammatical meaning,which corresponds to an object in some world or context.The object is the reference of that description.A proposition itself has also a grammatical meaning as its sense,which corresponds to a state of affairs in some world or context.The state of affairs is the reference of that proposition.Normally,in a dynamic context the object to which a description refers needs to have identity and hence needs to be fixed by a proper name.By contrast,a state of affairs to which a proposition refers does not need to be fixed and hence does not need anything like a proper name.This makes a description have a threefold semantic structure:description(sense),proper name and object(reference).A proposition,however,usually has a twofold semantic structure:proposition(sense) and state of affairs(reference).

关 键 词：专名 摹状词 命题 涵义 指称 弗雷格 

分 类 号：B812[哲学宗教—逻辑学]