物种敏感性分布在铊污染淡水生物生态风险评估中的应用  

Assessing ecological risk of sudden thallium pollution accident to freshwater organisms by species sensitivity distributions

作　　者：王俊能[1,2,3] 胡习邦[1,2,3] 李玉炫[4] 许振成[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640 [2]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国广州分析测试中心广东省分析测试技术公共实验室,广州510070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第6期134-139,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX07206)

摘　　要：应用物种敏感性分布(SSD)方法构建了铊对淡水生物的SSD曲线。在此基础上,计算了铊对不同生物的5%危害质量浓度(HC5),分析比较铊对于不同生物类别的毒性敏感性差异及其特征,并针对不同污染物质量浓度,评价了北江铊污染突发事件对不同生物类别的生态风险。结果表明,不同物种对铊污染物的耐受范围存在差异,从小到大依次为藻类、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物。这可能与各物种的组别多样性有关,耐受范围越大,表示随着质量浓度增加,风险增大的趋势越缓慢。铊对不同物种的HC5从小到大依次为藻类、无脊椎动物、脊椎动物。HC5越小,铊对该物种的生态风险越大,其中藻类对铊最敏感,其HC5为113μg/L。从总体上看,铊对淡水生物系统的HC5为210μg/L。不同质量浓度值得出的潜在影响比例(PAF)的大小,反映对不同类别生物的损害程度。在100μg/L以下,全部物种的PAF值几乎为0;在质量浓度达100μg/L时,藻类和无脊椎动物开始受到影响;在质量浓度达1 000μg/L时,超过99%的藻类和无脊椎动物受到影响,全部物种有96%受到影响。对2010年北江某突发性铊污染事件中高质量浓度集中区进行生态风险评估,表明该污染河段的生态风险极低,PAF接近于0。Species sensitivity distributions （SSD） method was used to assess the ecological risk of T1 （Thallium） to freshwater organisms. The hazardous concentrations for 5 % of the species （HCs） were cal- culated, and the difference and character of hazardous concentrations of TI to different species was analyzed. The acute ecological risks of T1 and the sensitivity of different freshwater species were assessed during sudden T1 pollution accident in the Beijiang River in 2010. The results showed that different organisms have different tolerance range of T1 which can be arranged in the order of algae 〈 vertebrates 〈 invertebrates. It may be associated with the species biodiversity. The wider tolerance range of T1 indicated that the increasing trend of ecological risk would slow down when the concentration of T1 in- creased. The HC5 to all species from low to high was in the order of algae 〈 invertebrates 〈 vertebrates. The lower HC5 is, the higher ecological risk of T1 to species is. Algae was the most sensitive specie among the selected freshwater species with the I-IC5 of 113 μg/L. Meanwhile, the HC5 to all of the freshwater species rose up to 210 μg/L. The potential affected fraction （PAF） reflected the damage de- gree. When the concentration of T1 was less than 100μg/L, the val- ue of PAF was close to zero. When the value increased to 100μg/L, algae and invertebrates began to be affected. When it went up to 1 000 μg/L, 28% of crustaceans and 15% of all freshwater species was impacted, respectively. Using the peak concentration of T1 in high-concentration zone, the acute ecological risk of sudden T1 pollu- tion accident in the Beijiang River was found to be very low （ PAF was close to 0）.

关 键 词：环境学 铊污染 淡水生物 生态风险 物种敏感性分布 广东北江 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4