固碳产油微藻的基因工程改造  

Genetic Engineering Modification of Microalgae to Enhance CO_2 Fixation and Oil Formation

作　　者：于水燕[1] 赵权宇[1] 史吉平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海高等研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2012年第12期117-124,共8页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201975);上海市浦江人才计划(12PJ1408000);上海市博士后科研资助计划(12R214216000)资助项目

摘　　要：藻种的选育和基因工程改造是微藻生物柴油研究的核心。为此,简要综述了微藻从光合作用到甘油三酯(TAG)合成过程中的关键基因及其代谢调控等方面的研究进展。从光合作用固碳、中心碳代谢、脂肪酸合成、TAG的组装、抑制TAG合成的竞争途径及脂类的分解途径等几个方面入手,浅析各个代谢途径中关键基因的作用及其表达调控。在此基础上,探讨微藻基因工程改造的可行性并指出微藻生物柴油在生物质能源领域中的前景及其综合利用的发展优势。Fossil fuels are un-renewable and over-emission of CO2 brings on the global warming. Biodiesel from microalgae is considered as a potential alternative energy. CO2 could be fixed by microalgae via photosynthesis to synthesize the oil. Microalgal biodiesel is further produced by trans-esterification of triglycerides with methanol. There are several advantages of microalgae biodiesel compared with other biofuels. Mie a next generation feedstock for biofuel production have obtained worldwide attention. The neutral lipids roalgae especiallytriacylglycerols （TAG） which are the main feedstock of oil can be accumulated in many microalgae cells under stress conditions. Three promising strategies are feasible to enhance TAG accumulation in microalgae： the biochemical engineering approach, the genetic engineering （GE） approach, and the transcription factor engineering approach The genetic engineering modification has now become a new research hot point to enhance the lipid production in oil-rich microalgae pathway in microalgae, and the metabolic An overview of the advances of some genes in lipid biosynthesis regulation strategies for enhancing lipid accumulation was presented. Correlated with the TAG accumulating, some genes in six metabolic pathways are summarized including carbon fixation, central carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, TAG assembling, inhibition of competing pathways of TAG and the lipid degradation catabolism. Exploring these enzymes and their functions involved in the pathways are helpful for the genetic engineering modification of mieroalgae. Finally, the current genetic engineering methods and technical issues microalgae and possibilities of microalgae discussed of microalgae, the feasibility of genetic engineering modification of as feedstock for biofuels and its integrated utilization are further

关 键 词：藻种改造 基因工程 碳代谢 代谢调控 

分 类 号：Q789[生物学—分子生物学]