不同年限茶树根际土壤微生物群落PLFA生物标记多样性分析  

Microbial diversity in rhizosphere soils of different planting year tea trees:An analysis with phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers

作　　者：林生[1,2] 庄家强[2] 陈婷[1,2] 张爱加[2] 周明明[2] 林文雄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学农业生态研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第1期64-71,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：福建省教育厅重点项目(JA11075)资助

摘　　要：以1年生、6年生与20年生茶树根际土壤为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法,对不同年限茶树根际土壤微生物多样性进行了研究。结果表明:6年生茶树根际土壤的PLFA总量最大,其细菌、放线菌与原生动物的PLFA含量高于其他土壤样品;20年生茶树根际土壤的真菌PLFA含量高于其他土壤样品,细菌PLFA含量与1年生茶树根际土壤相近(P>0.05),放线菌与原生动物PLFA含量均低于其他土壤样品(P<0.01);在20年生茶树土壤中,一些参与土壤物质循环的微生物类群的丰度在下降,一些代谢能力低的类群丰度增加;土壤酶活性分析结果表明,与6年生茶树土壤相比,20年生茶树土壤的脲酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶与过氧化物酶活性较低,蔗糖酶与多酚氧化酶活性较高;通过相关性分析发现,不同年限茶树土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌、原生动物各总PLFA与酶活性、土壤肥力因子之间密切相关;随着茶树种植年限的增加,茶树根际土壤的微生物群落结构发生了较大的变化,体现在微生物群落的多样性降低,适应于贫瘠条件与低代谢能力的种群增多,反映出根际土壤质量与一些关键酶活性出现较大幅度下降。By using phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers （ PLFAs）, this paper studied the microbi al diversity in the rhizosphere soils of 1- , 6-, and 20yearold tea trees. In the rhizosphere soil of 6-year-old tea trees, the total amount of PLFAs was the highest, and the PLFAs contents of bac teria, actinomyeetes, and protozoa were higher than those in the other rhizosphere soils. The rhi zosphere soil of 20-year-old tea trees had a higher content of fungi PLFAs but lower contents acti nomycetes and protozoa PLFAs than the other rhizosphere soils, whereas the content of bacterial PLFAs was close to that in the rhizosphere soil of 1yearold tea trees. In the rhizosphere soil of 20-year-old tea trees, the abundance of several microbial groups participating in soil nutrient cyc ling declined, while the abundance of several microbial groups with low metabolic capacity in creased. As compared with those in the rhizosphere soil of 6-year-old teat trees, the activities of urease, phosphomonoesterase and peroxidase in the rhizosphere soil of 20-year-old tea trees were lower, while the activities of invertase and polyphenol oxidase were higher. In the rhizosphere soils of different planting year tea trees, the PLFAs of different microbial groups were closely cor related to the soil enzyme activities and fertility factors. With the increasing year of tea planting, the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils changed greatly, reflecting in the declineof microbial diversity and the increase of the microbial groups with low metabolic capacity and adapting to poor soil condition, and the soil quality and the activities of some key enzymes had a larger decrement.

关 键 词：茶树 根际土壤 磷脂脂肪酸标记 微生物群落 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]