化学物质生态风险评估与管理背景下筛选我国生态毒理试验鱼种的方法初探  

A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON SCREENING OF CHINESE INDIGENOUS FISHES FOR ECOTOXICOLOGICAL TESTS IN CONTEXT OF CHEMICALS' ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

作　　者：孟耀斌[1,2,3] 李帆[2] 何寿亮[1,2,3] 张慧[1,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875 [2]民政部/教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [3]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875 [4]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第6期641-647,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2009SD-20);留学回国人员科研启动基金资助

摘　　要：提出了以"可替换性"意义定义鱼种的生态代表性,并以鱼种对空间区域和水温的要求构建了生态代表性函数.同时,按照鱼类毒性测试的试验要求根据鱼种的体长、孵化时间以及对水温的要求构造生态毒理试验可行性函数.在收集我国各鱼类生物、生态信息基础上,综合生态代表性和生态毒理试验可操作性对鱼种进行了初步筛选,并通过仿真考察了生态毒理试验可行性随定义函数的不确定性.提出的兼顾生态代表性与生态毒理试验可行性的方法为后续探索我国生态毒理供试生物和推进化学物质生态风险的环境管理提供了参考.Spatial heterogeneity and ecological variation across habitats merit more attention from the perspective of ecological risk assessment and management of chemicals, which necessitates the development of ecotoxicological test organisms using indigenous fishes in China. In this paper, the ecological relevance of a fish was put forward in a sense of ecological substitutability with respect to its habitat coverage and characteristic biological temperature. Meanwhile, body length, hatching duration, and water temperature requirement were synthesized to represent ecotoxieological feasibility. The combination of ecological relevance and ecotoxicological feasibility was employed to indicate possibility of certain Chinese indigenous fishes to be candidate test organisms. In addition, uncertainty in defining feasibility was evaluated by simulation. This investigation was deemed helpful to sharpen the efforts to develop Chinese indigenous test organisms and to improve the environmental relevance of chemoecological risk assessment and management in China.

关 键 词：化学物质 环境管理 生态风险 生态代表性 生态毒理实验 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]