施氮量对间作玉米土壤硝态氮累积量及氮肥利用率的影响  

EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATES ON NO-3-N ACCUMULATION AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER MAIZE AND WHEAT INTERCROPPED SYSTEM

作　　者：马忠明[1,2] 孙景玲[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业部张掖绿洲灌区农业生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,甘肃张掖734000 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《核农学报》2012年第9期1305-1310,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项((201003014-7)

摘　　要：通过田间定位试验,监测了不施氮和不同施氮水平(分别为210、420和630kg.hm-2)下间作玉米各关键生育时期0～200cm土层硝态氮累积量的动态变化、玉米产量及其构成,计算分析了间作玉米的氮肥利用率。研究结果表明,间作玉米0～200cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量总体表现为0～60cm土层>60～200cm土层。0～60cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量呈"M"形变化,即玉米播种前和玉米大喇叭口期出现高峰,小麦播种前、玉米拔节期和玉米收获后出现低谷。60～120cm和120～200cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量呈倒"V"形变化,总体在玉米大喇叭口期前后出现高峰值,210～630kg.hm-2施氮处理下120～200cm土层的硝态氮累积量较不施氮处理分别高出149.1%、115.6%和126.3%。随着施氮量的增加,间作玉米穗长、穗粒数、穗重呈增大趋势,秃顶呈降低趋势,增产幅度依次减小,氮肥利用率依次降低。In this study, field location experiments werre conducted to monitor the dynamic changes of nitrate nitrogen aecumulation of （NO3- -N） for critical growth period of intercropped maize in deep soil profile （0 -200cm） , survey the maize yield and yield components and colculate the nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） under the condition of no nitrogen applying and different nitrogen rates （210, 420 and 630k·hm^-2） in maize and wheat intercropped system. Result showed that the accumulation was higher in the depth of 0 - 60cm soil profile than in 60 - 200cm. Compared with different growth stage of crop, the NO3- -N accumulation at 0 - 60cm soil profile presented as M-shaped, which the peaks appeared in the stages of pre-sowing and big bell of maize, and the low valleys appeared in the stages of pre-sowing of wheat, jointing and harvesting of maize, in 60 -120cm and 120 - 200cm soil profile presented as backward V-shaped, which the peak totally was in the stage of big bell of maize, as well as the NO3-N accumulation content of fertilizer treatments in 120 - 200cm soil profile were 149. 1%, 115.6% and 126.3% higher than in the control group, respectively. The increase rates of maize yield in intercropped wheat and maize system were decreased with the raise of the fertilizer rate compared with control. The yield components of comb length, number of grains spike and comb weight of maize were increased with the raise of applying nitrogen rates, but the bald was opposite. The nitrogen dependence rates, absorption and utilization rates, and agronomic efficiency for N1, N2 and N3 fertilizer levels in intercropped maize decreased with increasing of fertilizer rate relative to control group.

关 键 词：间作玉米 产量 施氮量 氮肥利用率 硝态氮累积量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]