虚无主文与理想主文:庄子与卢梭的“自然”观念异同及价值批判  

Nihilism and Idealism:the Similarities and Dissimilarities of Nature View between Zoranzi and Rousseau and their Own Value Criticism

作　　者：董晔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国语言文学博士后流动站

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2012年第6期97-102,共6页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大攻关项目"文明;文化与建构和谐世界研究"(成果批准号12&ZD010)阶段性成果;国家社科基金项目"中国古典美学的生态智慧研究"(批准号:09CZW011)阶段性成果

摘　　要：庄子与卢梭均发现了人类文明进程中的二律背反问题,并提出了有关"自然"的理想或设想。然而,二者对于"自然"的理解却不尽相同:就人与自然的关系而言,虽然他们都强调人与自然的和谐统一,但在哲学基础上又存在着一元论与二元论的差异;就社会理想而言,虽然他们都表达了对自由、平等的向往和追求,但在实现途径上又表现为至德之世与契约社会的差异;就审美态度而言,虽然他们都提倡素朴本真、拒斥异化的生存,但在内容指向上又体现出以"道"观物与以"善"观物的差异。庄子"顺应自然"的虚无主义与卢梭"回归自然"的理想主义,共同呼唤人性与社会的返璞归真。During the process of human culture,both Zoranzi and Rousseau discovered the problem of antinomy,and came up with their own ideals and hypothesis about the ＂Nature＂, but they had different comprehension of it.In terms of the relationship between man and nature,although they all emphasized the harmony and integration between them,they held monism and dualism respectively on the basis of philosophy;as far as social ideals,although they longed for pursuing freedom and equality,they had different ways to made them come true——one relying on virtue and the other on social contract;when it came to their aesthetic taste,although they all advocated simple surviving and rejected alienation, they judged the contents in doctrine and in kindness differently.Zoranzi was a nihilist,who preferred to natural order,while Rousseau was an idealist who advocated returning to nature. However,both of them encouraged man and society to recover their simplicity and return to the original nature.

关 键 词：庄子 卢梭 自然 文明 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]