亚伯拉罕·盖革对犹太经典的批判  

Abraham Geiger's Criticism to Jewish Classics

作　　者：胡浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学犹太研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第1期100-105,共6页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"犹太教改革研究"(12CZJ012)阶段性成果

摘　　要：从"历史犹太教"的观念出发,盖革重新审视了《圣经》和《塔木德》。他认为,《圣经》作为天启的宗教真理是犹太民族创造性的产物,体现普世伦理,同时,也强调《圣经》的历史性和文本的流动性,即因时而变的犹太宗教生活影响并修正了《圣经》文本。他认为,《塔木德》在诠释《圣经》,推动犹太教更新方面有积极作用,同时也指出《塔木德》在诠释经文上的僵化、矛盾和非科学性。盖革承认犹太经典的价值,但否认其决定现代犹太教权威的作用,认为人们可以根据当下需要自由地对经文进行诠释。盖革对犹太经典的批判在很大程度上服务于犹太教改革的需要。From the Concept of ＂Historical Judaism＂,Abraham Geiger re-examined Bible and Talmud.Geiger＇s Biblical Studies,on the one hand,stressed that Bible as a divinely revealed religious truth was a product of Jewish creative genius,which embodied the universal ethics of religion;on the other hand,he emphasized the historical character and liquidity of biblical text.That is,the Jewish life and religious spirit of the different times influenced the life of the Biblical time and amended the Biblical text.Geiger＇s Talmud research,on one hand,pointed out that Talmud played an active role in interpreting Biblical text and promoting and updating the spirit of Judaism;on the other hand,stressed the Talmud＇s interpretation of the text of Bible in a rigid,contradictory and non-scientific way.Overall,Geiger recognized the values of Jewish classic literature but didn＇t think they had the authority to decide modern Judaism.One can interpret the Scripture freely according to the contemporary needs.To a great degree,Geiger＇s criticism to Jewish Classics is to provide support to the reform of Judaism.

关 键 词：盖革 《圣经》 《塔木德》 犹太教改革 

分 类 号：B98[哲学宗教—宗教学]