少突胶质细胞的细胞骨架在髓鞘形成中作用的研究进展  

Progress in the Studies on the Effect of Oligodendroglial Cytoskeleton in Myelination

作　　者：刘梦龙[1] 李杰[1] 肖岚[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学学员旅九队,重庆400038 [2]第三军医大学基础部组胚教研室,重庆400038

出　　处：《生理科学进展》2012年第6期422-426,共5页Progress in Physiological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171046);国际科技合作计划(2010DFB30820)资助课题

摘　　要：少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的髓鞘形成细胞,其发育分化最终包裹神经轴突形成髓鞘的调控机制正成为目前神经科学研究领域关注的热点之一。近年来有学者关注到少突胶质细胞的细胞骨架在这一过程中可能扮演了重要的角色。相关研究表明,少突胶质细胞内骨架蛋白在一系列细胞内外信号分子及脂筏的介导下,调节细胞一系列复杂的形态学改变,细胞突起由简单逐渐成为多重复杂的分支,而后延展出初级薄膜缠绕神经元轴突形成髓鞘层,最后通过细胞骨架的重组完成对髓鞘的紧压而形成成熟的髓鞘。Oligodendrocytes are myelin forming cells in central nerve system, which arise from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells （OPCs） following a series development processes. The mechanism of myelination has become one of the hot point in neurosciences research. Recently, the cytoskeleton of oligodendrocyte has been considered to play an important role in this process. Mediated by a series of intracellular and extracellular signaling moleculues and lipid raft, the cytoskeleton of oligodendrocytes regulates morphological changes of cells and results in terminal differentiation or maturation of oligodendrocytes. The simple processes of cells gradually become highly ramified, and extend the membrane to wrap the neuronal axons to form the myelin layers. Finally, the compaction of myelin layers by the reorganization of cytoskeleton leads to formation of the mature myelin sheath.

关 键 词：少突胶质细胞 细胞骨架 髓鞘 信号分子 脂筏 

分 类 号：R744[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]