先天性坐骨神经高位分支变异2例观测考察  

作　　者：袁磊[1] 谢伦利[1] 杨宝慧[1] 许佳[1] 沈艳玲[1] 李盼[1] 吴长初[1] 宋昱庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院人体解剖教研室,湖南长沙410219

出　　处：《医学美学美容（中旬刊）》2012年第11期108-108,110,共2页

基　　金：湖南省教育厅普通高校教学改革研究项目,湘财教指[2011]93号

摘　　要：目的：观测坐骨神经高位分支变异的特殊情况，探讨其解剖学意义。方法：采用体质人类学非测量性观察和体质测量法进行考察；对比《中国人解剖学数值》进行综合分析。结果：非测量性观察，发现标本1属于Ⅱ型变异（28．0％）；标本2属于Ⅵ型变异（0．5％）。体质测量发现坐骨神经在坐骨大孔下部总宽度均大于正常值（标本1：～＋9．49mm；标本2：～＋3．71mm）；两标本在臀大肌段和梨状肌下缘（中间）穿出后分别至股骨内外侧髁连线中点及腓骨头后方的长度都显示出腓总神经比同侧胫神经要长。结论：坐骨神经Ⅱ型、Ⅵ型变异表明腓总神经高住分支变畀，不仅促其绕道导致延长了其行程，而且在直立行走运动时，梨状肌收缩导致下腓总神经受压，造成慢性损伤，从而引发临床慢性腰腿疼痛疾病。该2例标本为先天性坐骨神经高位分支变异。Objective Observation sciatic nerve high branch variation of the special conditions, this paper discusses the signifi cance of anatomy. Methods The physical anthropology not measuring sexual observation and physical measurement method to carry on the inspection, Contrast the Chinese Anatomy Numerical carry on comprehensive analysis. Results The measurement of obser- vation, discover the specimen 1 belong to 11 type variation （28. 0%）; the specimen 2 belong to Ⅵ type variation （0. 5%）. Physi- cal survey found sciatic nerve in sciatic big hole bottom total width are larger than normal（the specimen 1：-＋ 9.49 nun; the specimen 2 ： - ＋3.71 mm） ; Two specimens in the musculus glutaeus maximus segment and piriformis lower edge （intermediate） wear a respectively after to femoral condyle inside and outside attachment point and the length of the fibular head show the perone- al nerve with side than tibial nerve to long. Conclusion sciatic nerve Ⅱ type, Ⅵ type variation show that the peroneal nerve high branch variation, not only promote the bypass lead to extend its stroke, and in walked upright motion, piriformis shrinkage under lead to the peroneal nerve compression, cause chronic injury, causing clinical chronic lumbocrural pain disease. The 2 cases of the specimen is a congenital sciatic nerve high branch variation.

关 键 词：坐骨神经变异 坐骨神经分型 坐骨神经炎 梨状肌综合征 

分 类 号：R745.42[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]