胞外DNA的研究进展  

The Current Development in Extracellular Occurring DNA Study

作　　者：刘景辉[1] 王昊[1] 徐立红[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院生物化学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2013年第1期59-70,共12页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:81172703)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：胞外DNA(extracellular occurring DNA,eoDNA)是一种独立于细胞外的DNA,广泛存在于体液中。研究发现,eoDNA的浓度水平及其特异基因的改变能很好地反映疾病的发生和发展。随着生物技术的发展,eoDNA易获得、微创伤、预测早等优点引起了许多学者的关注,使得eoDNA成为非入侵疾病检测生物标记中的一颗新星。相对于健康人,肿瘤患者体内eoDNA浓度明显升高,这一特征已被研究者广泛验证,同时,研究还发现肿瘤患者eoDNA部分起源于肿瘤组织细胞,且这些DNA与肿瘤组织基因组有着相似的分子特征。这些研究成果为eoDNA取代肿瘤组织早期微创诊断肿瘤发生提供了理论基础。此外,在产检方面,从母体血浆中获取胎儿eoDNA并用以观察胎儿健康情况也日益得到学者关注。该文从eoDNA研究背景出发就其作为肿瘤诊断、预后以及产检生物标记的可能性及应用作一简单综述,并展望了eoDNA在临床疾病诊断的应用前景。Extracellular occurring DNA （eoDNA） refers to the DNA presents in the extracellular environ- ment and is found in various extracellular media widely. The studies so far have suggested that quantitative and qualitative changes of eoDNA might be used as markers for diagnosis and prognostic in clinical purpose. With the development of biotechnology, the advantages in easy access, minimally invasive and early diagnostic value have led to eoDNA becoming an attractive exploring area for developing a type of new less-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The higher concentration of eoDNA in patients with malignancy than that in healthy indi- viduals has been proved widely. And it also seems that eoDNA in cancer patients has similar features with the DNA from their tumor tissues, which provides the theory basis for eoDNA as a new marker for early detection of malig- nant tumors. Besides, scientists have been developing non-invasive prenatal diagnostic tests based on cell-free fetal DNA analysis from maternal plasma. In the present paper, the research obtained hitherto about eoDNA have been reviewed and the nersnective of eoDNA in the diaenosis of diseases are also discussed.

关 键 词：胞外DNA(eoDNA) 起源 肿瘤诊断 产前诊断 

分 类 号：R346[医药卫生—基础医学]