青岛地区气传花粉及其致敏性调查  

Investigations on Airborne Pollens and Its Allergenicity in Qingdao District.

作　　者：刘杰[1] 鹿道温 郭艳丽[1] 曲辉[1] 宋培铎[1] 于红 

机构地区：[1]青岛市市南区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科,266002 [2]青岛市第五人民医院变态反应科

出　　处：《中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志》2012年第6期471-477,共7页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology in Integrative Medicine

基　　金：青岛市市南区科技发展计划项目(编号2009-3-30-GG1)

摘　　要：目的调查青岛市气传花粉的种类、数量和飘散规律,并进行花粉致敏性测定,为花粉症的诊断与防治提供依据。方法采用重力沉降法用叶氏采样器,于2010年3月～2011年2月分别在青岛市东部和西部设立花粉曝片点,每日曝片。此外,我们在525例疑诊花粉症病人和110例正常个体中进行了春、秋季10种花粉浸液的皮试。结果东部全年花粉总量为8325粒,鉴定出13科31属2个种,西部全年花粉总量为4018粒,鉴定出14科28属2个种。全年出现2个花粉高峰期,3～5月为春季花粉高峰期,以木本花粉为主,8～10月为夏秋季花粉高峰期,以草本花粉为主。青岛市松属花粉为数量最多的花粉,占花粉总量的17.41%～27.92%,其次为葎草、蒿属、构属、悬铃木属和豚草花粉等。根据花粉变应原皮试的结果得出蒿属花粉的阳性率最高,为83.49%,具有很强的致敏性;其次,为葎草和豚草花粉。春季花粉的致敏性低于夏秋季花粉。结论蒿属、荐草和豚草花粉已成为本地区的主要气传致敏花粉,是变应性鼻炎和哮喘的重要病因之一。Objective To investigate the classification, amount of airborne pollens and its allergenicity in Qingdao district. To provide basis for diagnosis and treatment of pollinosis Methods The airborne pollens were collected with gravityprocitation method by Ye＇s samples in both eastern and western area of Qingdao city form March 2010 to February 2011. The collected pollens grains were identified under microscopes. In addition, The intradermic skin test of l0 kinds pollens extracts were performed in 525 cases with pollinosis symptoms and ll0 normal subjects among pollen season. Results 8325 pollens grains of 14 families, 32genera and 2 species were collected in a year in eastern area. 4018 pollens grains of 14 families, 28genera and 2 species were collected in western area. There were two pollen peaks in the whole year. The first one in spring form March to May, Woody pollens were major. The second one in summer-autumn from August to October~ herb pollens were chief. The most number of pollens was Pinus being 17.41%-27.92% of total pollens in a year ,other pollens as humulus,Artemisia, Broussonetia, Platanus and Ambrosia.etc.According to results of skin teses with pollen allergens suggested that Artemisia pollens had very strong allergenicity, its positive rate of skin test was 83.49% in 315 cases with Pollinosis. The other was humulus and Ambrosia. Allergenicity of pollens in spring season was lower than pollens in summer-autumn season. Conclusions The pollens of Artemisia, Humulus and Ambrosia have become main airborne allergenic pollens, being one of important pathogenesis with allergic rhinitis and asthma in the district.

关 键 词：花粉 气传花粉 花粉症 变应原皮试 致敏性 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]