秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥对晚稻产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Returning Rice Straw to Fields with Different Ratio of Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：孙卫民[1] 杨滨娟[1] 钱海燕[2,3] 王淑彬[1] 黄国勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,南昌330046

出　　处：《农学学报》2012年第12期16-21,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"鄱阳湖生态经济区绿色高效循环农业技术集成与示范"(2012BAD14B14);江西省科技支撑计划项目"秸秆不同还田方式对农田生态系统环境质量影响及机理研究"(2009BNA09300)

摘　　要：为了揭示秸秆腐解规律和土壤养分变化过程,连续2年通过田间试验研究了秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥对晚稻产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥显著提高了晚稻产量,增产幅度为8.5%～21.5%,处理间差异显著。除SN(2秸秆还田配施N225kg/hm2)和SP(1秸秆还田配施P75kg/hm2)秸秆生物量有所下降外,其余处理秸秆生物量均高于对照单施秸秆处理,范围在3.3%～13.7%,区组间无显著性差异,处理间有显著性差异。秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥处理显著提高了晚稻成熟期有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重。逐步线性回归方程表明结实率是晚稻产量最主要的影响因素。与对照相比秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥能够提高土壤pH、全氮、碱解氮、有机碳、有效磷、全磷、速效钾和全钾,降低土壤C/N比,其中以秸秆还田配施NPK处理效果最显著。因此需要将秸秆还田与施用化肥、微肥相结合,进一步发挥出秸秆还田的综合效益。In order to reveal the pattern of straw decay and the process of soil nutrient change,the continuous 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the straw fertilizers different ratio of chemical fertilizers on late rice yield and soil fertility.The results showed that the straw fertilizer ratio of fertilizer significantly increased late rice production,the yield increased 8.5%-21.5%,and the differences between the treatments were significant.In addition to the SN2（straw,fertilizer N 225 kg/hm2） and SP1（straw and P 75 kg/hm2）,the rest of the processing straw biomass than the control single application of straw biomass declined in the range of 3.3%-13.7%,the district between the two groups no significant difference among treatments was significantly different.Straw fertilizer ratio of fertilizer treatment significantly improves the effective panicles of late maturity,the number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate and grain weight.Stepwise linear regression equation indicated that the seed setting rate was the most important factor of late rice production.Compared with the control straw fertilizer different ratio of fertilizer was to improve soil pH,total nitrogen,availablenitrogen,organic carbon,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,potassium and total potassium,and lower soil C/N ratio,which straw fertilizers NPK treatment effect was remarkable.So straw and chemical fertilizer,fertilizer needs a combination to further play the comprehensive benefits.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 不同配比化肥 产量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]