自然语义元语言理论的类型学研究取向  

On the typological orientation of NSM approach

作　　者：李炯英[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学外国语学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《南京邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第4期41-46,共6页Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"波兰语义学派与语义元语言理论方法比较研究"(11BYY001);教育部人文社科研究规划项目"跨文化语用学的语义学范式研究"(08JA740025);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金资助项目"汉英语义元语言对比研究"(2010SJB740005)

摘　　要：自然语义元语言(NSM)理论一直试图通过跨语言比较,来探寻人类语言的词汇语义共性,即语义基元。在NSM理论框架内,提取的语义基元必须经过多种不同结构类型的语言的验证。普遍语义基元的内在词汇特性和句法特性构成了普遍语法的基础,为描写人类语言的类型学框架提供了坚实而又普遍的基础。基于前人有关论述的梳理,从跨语言比较和跨语言验证两个方面探讨了NSM理论的语言类型学研究取向。基于普遍语义基元的NSM理论及其研究方法为词汇类型学和语义类型学研究开辟了新的广阔前景。Natural semantic metalanguage （NSM） approach aims at searching for the lexico-semantic univer- sals of human languages （ i. e. semantic primes） through cross-linguistic comparison. Within the framework of NSM approach, the empirically established semantic primes have to be attested by a number of typologically divergent languages. The inherent lexical and syntactic properties of the universal semantic primes constitute the basis for uni- versal grammar, thus providing a firm and universal basis on which to develop a typological framework for describing languages . After a critical review of previous studies on this issue, this paper mainly discusses the typological often- ration of NSM approach from the perspectives of both cross-linguistic comparison and cross-linguistic attesting. It is pointed out that the NSM approach, based on universal semantic primes, has opened new vistas for the study of lex- ical and semantic typologies.

关 键 词：自然语义元语言 类型学取向 语义基元 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]