近代苏鲁地区的初夜权:社会分层与人格异变  

Droit de Seigneur in the Modern Jiangsu and Shandong Area:Social Stratification and Personality Alteration

作　　者：马俊亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第1期89-100,167,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"江南地域文化的历史演进"(10&ZD069);国家社科基金项目"中国地区性社会发展与社会冲突比较研究"(09BZS051);江苏省高校哲学社会科学重点研究项目"江苏地域文化的历史演进与现代发展"(2011ZDIXM014)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：近代苏鲁地主对佃农拥有初夜权。这一权力的实施是社会结构异变的结果。这里的社会分化为占有大量土地的利益集团(大地主)与大量占地较少的贫民群体,社会结构演化为缺乏中间阶层的哑铃形而非金字塔形。掌握行政、军事和经济等各种权力的大地主,基本上不受程序化的法规制约,多沉湎于本能型的享受,无法追求高成就动机人格。一方面,他们利用国家优裕的政策,对贫民实施包括初夜权在内的各种超经济剥夺;另一方面,他们利用对下层民众的控制,经常策动成千上万的贫民反叛代表社会上层利益的国家,以获得更多的非法利益,他们的终极理想是成为享受更大肉欲的封建君主。The landowners in modern Jiangsu and Shandong area owned droit de seigneur to the sharecroppers,which was the result of alteration of social structure.The society in this area differentiated into the interest group of great landowners who possessed large quantities of land,and the poor group who had little land,as the social structure evolved into the model of dumbbell but not pyramidal due to the lack of middle classes.The great landowners who possessed the executive,military and economic powers and were generally not subject to the procedural rules mostly indulged in instinctive enjoyments,and could not pursue a personality of higher-achievement motivation.On the one hand,they utilized the loose policies of the government to implement all kinds of super-economic powers to the poor,including droit de seigneur;on the other hand,they utilized their control over the lower classes to instigate revolts among thousands of poor people against the government which represented the interests of upper social circles in their pursuit for more illegal profits.Their ultimate ideal was to become the emperor who could enjoy more bodily cravings.

关 键 词：初夜权 哑铃形社会结构 利益集团 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]