马铃薯硒素吸收分配规律及硒肥效应研究  

Studies on the Effects of Selenium(Se)Absorption,Distribution and Selenium(Se) Reaction of Potato

作　　者：邢海峰[1] 高炳德[1] 樊明寿[1] 白艳姝[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古化工职业学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《华北农学报》2012年第6期213-218,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：农业部行业专项(201103003)

摘　　要：采用田间试验、化学分析、生物统计相结合的方法,在喷施硒肥与种施硒肥基础上进行了2年的马铃薯硒素吸收分配规律及硒肥效应的研究,为内蒙古自治区富硒马铃薯的栽培提供了理论依据。研究结果表明,马铃薯生育期间,全株硒素含量变化在0.037～0.084 mg/kg,峰值出现在出苗后65 d。各器官全生育期平均含量顺序是:叶0.137 mg/kg,茎0.063 mg/kg,块茎0.031 mg/kg。块茎中硒浓度变化在0.026～0.038 mg/kg。马铃薯全株及块茎硒素吸收累积量分别用一元三次式和Logistis方程可理想的模拟,全株硒素最快吸收速率出现在出苗后40 d(块茎形成期),块茎硒素最快累积速率出现在出苗后71 d(块茎增长期)。随着生长中心由茎叶向块茎的转移,硒素在体内的分布也相应的发生移动,块茎形成期茎叶中硒占全株82%,块茎占18%,而到收获期茎叶仅占40%,硒运转率为60%。喷施硒15 g/hm2,或土施硒68 g/hm2作种肥,可以使全生育期全株硒含量分别提高5.3倍和2.5倍。使收获期块茎硒含量分别达到0.104 mg/kg和0.093 mg/kg,达到或接近富硒水平。硒肥喷施收获期全株硒素吸收率14.8%,是种施吸收率的8.7倍。硒肥喷施应是马铃薯富硒技术之首选。而硒施种肥结合播种一并进行,省工省事,便于推广,也可以供用户选用。By field experiment,chemical analysis and biological statistics,study on the effect of Se fertilization and absorption and distribution of Se on the basis of spraying and in seminal fertilization for 2 years in potato.The results are as follows：The change of Se-content was 0.037-0.084 mg/kg in growth period of potato,and its peak emerged at 65 days after emergence.The order of average concentration in leaves,stems and tubers at different orgens in growth period was 0.137,0.063,0.031 mg/kg,respectively.Tuber ranged 0.026-0.038 mg/kg.Se-content and accumulation in whole plant and tuber were culculated by a cubic curve and logistic curve,respectively.The fastest absorption velocity with whole plant and tuber appeared at 40 days and 71days after emergence,respectively.Along with the center of growth move from stem and leaves to tuber,Se-content of stem and leaves is 82 percent,tuber is 18 percent at the tuber initiation stage.In harvest stage,Se-content of stem and leave is 40 percent,the translocation rate of Se is 60 percent.Spraying to leaves with 15 g/ha or applying to soil with 68 g/ha in whole plant at all stages can be improved 5.3 and 2.5 times of Se-content,and tuber can be improved 0.104 mg/kg and 0.093 mg/kg,respectively in harvest stage,which was up to or near Se-enrich.In harvest stage,spraying Se equal to 8.7 times than Se in seminal fertilization.

关 键 词：马铃薯 硒素 吸收分配 硒肥 吸收率 

分 类 号：S532.01[农业科学—作物学]