不育患者精子头部超微结构变化的电镜观察  

Electron microscope observation on ultrastructural changes of human sperm head in infertile patients

作　　者：党连凯[1] 陈生[2] 王彤[2] 孙书峰[1] 姜琳[2] 陈红[2] 耿胜燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生物物理研究所,北京100101 [2]北京市鼓楼中医医院,北京100009

出　　处：《生殖医学杂志》2013年第1期48-52,共5页Journal of Reproductive Medicine

基　　金：美国洛克菲勒基金;香港王宽城基金;北京金三角大型仪器基金资助

摘　　要：目的观察精子头部的正常和异常超微结构,依据两者的差异,探讨精子头部损伤引起不育的机理。方法取正常人和不育患者精子,在光学显微镜观察后,制备冷冻蚀刻复型膜和超薄切片样品,在透射电镜下观察并拍照。结果冷冻蚀刻复型膜观察可见正常精子头是由质膜包裹的细胞核和顶体构成,分前中后三区;细胞核染色质为螺旋状,规则排列为8～11行;核膜孔位于后头区,有1 40～180个,分6排,呈六角形排列。异常精子头表现为质膜破裂、不光滑,膜蛋白变性、脱落、凝聚,细胞核内出现大空洞,染色质断裂、紊乱,核膜孔数量减少、排列紊乱。结论本研究提供了正常及异常精子头部的各种超微结构表现,可作为研究精子膜结构及不育机理的参考。正常精子头的细胞核呈高度有序结构,而异常精子头部有不同程度损伤;冷冻蚀刻复型膜技术是在超低温,高真空条件下将质膜从双分子层的疏水区劈开,在透射电镜下清晰地观察到E面和F面的结构和膜蛋白数量分布等,是显示精子膜结构和膜损伤的最佳技术手段。Objective： To identify the ultrastructural changes between Methods： Freeze fracture replicas and ultrathin sections of normal and abnormal normal and abnormal sperm head. sperm were prepared and observed by transmission electron microscope. Results： In normal sperm head, nucleus and acrosome were covered by plasma membrane. The sperm head could be divided into three sections： front, middle and rear part. Chromatin in nucleus had 8-11 lines of helix construction. About 140-180 nuclear pores located in the rear part and arranged in 6 lines forming a hexagon. Abnormal sperm head presented rough and disrupted plasma membrane, denatured or agglutinated membrane proteins,big cavity formed in nucleus, disrupted chromatin,less and deranged nuclear pores. Conclusions： Normal sperm head has nucleus and acrosome covering in membrane. The details of the structure can not be observed due to the high electron density in the nucleus of the ultrathin section samples. However, freeze fracture replica provides clear details, such as membrane proteins＇ size, number and locations,etc. The sperm head can be divided into front,middle and rear parts. Nuclear pores in the rear part have regular formation,and chromatin forms regular helical shape. Damage of membrane,nucleus and acrosome can be observed in abnormal sperm head.

关 键 词：精子头部 冷冻蚀刻 超薄切片 电镜观察 

分 类 号：R[医药卫生]