水氮对冬小麦花后籽粒淀粉含量及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Starch Content and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李娜娜[1] 刘园[1] 谢迎新[1,2] 朱云集[1] 王晨阳[1] 郭天财[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第1期103-107,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B07);973计划项目(2009CB118602);农业部公益性行业计划项目(200903007);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放课题(0812201240)

摘　　要：为进一步探索水分和氮肥对小麦淀粉含量和产量的影响,以冬小麦品种矮抗58为材料,在小麦全生育期不灌水(W0)和拔节期灌水(W1)两种水分条件下,分析了不同施氮处理间(0、180、240和300kg.hm-2,分别用N0、N1、N2、N3表示)冬小麦花后籽粒淀粉含量和产量的差异。结果表明,N2处理获得较高小麦籽粒产量、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量及较低直/支比,不施氮或施氮过多均不利高产和籽粒淀粉积累。与W0相比,W1处理有利于小麦籽粒产量提高及支链淀粉和总淀粉积累。水、氮互作对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉含量影响明显。在8个处理中,以W1N2处理对提高小麦籽粒产量和改善籽粒淀粉品质有利,为比较理想的水氮运筹方式。For the further exploration of water and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat starch content,with wheat cultivar AiKang 58 as test material,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two irrigation treatments of no irrigation（W0）,irrigation at jointing stage（W1） and four nitrogen application rates per hectare of 0（N0）,180（N1）,240（N2）,300 kg（N3） and their combinations on the contents and components of starch in wheat grains.The results showed that N2 treatment（N 240 kg·hm-2） could increase the total starch and amylopectin content in grain of winter wheat AiKang 58,and decrease the amylose/amylopectin ratio,and could also increase the wheat grain yield.However,both of N0 or N3 treatment（N 300 kg·hm-2） treatments decreased the accumulation of starch,and resulted in the decrease of grain yield.Among the irrigation treatments,the W1 treatment could promote the increment of total starch and amylopectin content and decrease the amylose/amylopectin ratio,compared with the W0 treatment.In conclusion,in this experimental condition,the treatment of N 240 kg·hm-2 application combined with irrigation at jointing stage would be the ideal management practice to increase wheat grain yield and improve starch quality in the study region.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水 施氮 产量 淀粉含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318