视觉信息分布调节信息整合策略:来自眼动的证据  

Information Distribution Modulates Integration Strategies:Evidence from Eye Movements

作　　者：任衍具[1] 禤宇明[2] 傅小兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第1期2-6,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB302201);山东省"十二五"发展与教育心理学强化重点学科建设项目;山东师范大学博士科研启动基金项目的资助

摘　　要：以空白单元格定位为实验任务,操纵序列点阵的分布,考察视觉短时记忆与视知觉的信息整合机制。实验一发现任务正确率与点阵1的圆点数呈近似U形关系。实验二发现在拐点前后被试的眼动模式从偏向于注视圆点位置转为偏向于注视空格位置。因此,视觉信息的分布模式调节整合策略,当处于视觉短时记忆中的圆点数在其容量之内时,采用图像—知觉整合策略,反之,则采用转换—比较策略。In the present study, empty cell localization task was used to explore how information was integrated between visual short - term memory （VSTM） and visual perception. To explain the participants＇performance of the task, two hypotheses were proposed： image - percept hypothesis and convert - and - compare hypothesis. The image - percept hypothesis suggests that participants first encode the locations of dots in array 1 and its mental image is formed to integrate with array 2. On the contrary, the convert - and - compare hypothesis asserts that participants first encode the location of empty cells in array 1 and its negative image is formed to compare with array 2. Analyzing the existing evidence for or against the two hypotheses, we found that the difference in dot distribution might contribute to different integrating strategies. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, the dot distribution of sequential arrays （4 - 11,5 - 10, 6 - 9, 7 - 8 and 8 - 7 ） and interstimulus interval （ ISI, 500 ms, 1500ms and 2500 ms） were manipulated. The resuhs showed that the accuracy was a U -shaped function of array 1 dot number and at the condition of 6 - 9 distribution the accuracy reached a lowest value. These findings suggested that integration strategies might change from ＂memorizing dots＂ to ＂memorizing empty cells＂ of array 1. In Experiment 2, participants＂ eye movements were monitored when performing empty cell localization task. Dot distribution varied in 3 levels （5 - 10, 6 -9, 7 -8 ） and ISI varied in 2 levels （500ms and 1500ms）. The accuracy again showed a U -shaped function of array 1 dot number. In 1500ms ISI condition, there were significant differences in terms of eye movement patterns between the 3 levels of dot distribution. Specifically, in 5 -10 condition, participants showed a bias to look at dot locations during ISI period; in 6 -9 condition, participants looked at locations of dots or empty cells by chance; while in 7 - 8 condition, a bias

关 键 词：序列点阵 空白单元格定位 图像—知觉整合假说 转换—比较假说 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]