现代汉语“有/无+Prep/V”类词的词汇化及其动因  

On the Lexicalization and Motivation of the Kind of Words "You/Wu+Prep/V" in Modern Chinese

作　　者：雷冬平[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《汉语学习》2013年第1期41-51,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目"近代汉语双音虚词构式语法化研究"(项目编号:09YJC740061)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：现代汉语"有/无+Prep/V"类词是动宾结构的复合词。这类词的词汇化是由于"有/无+所+V"或"有/无+所+Prep+VP"结构中的功能词"所"脱落而造成:前者"所"脱落之后,"有/无"直接和已发生转指的V词汇化成动宾式的复合动词,后者"所"脱落之后,"有/无"和介词由于韵律的作用发生重新分析导致词汇化,同时介词从修饰动词的状语转变为"有/无"的宾语。"所"脱落的动因是:"有/无"具有要求其后谓词性成分发生转指的强制功能,而"所"同样具有转指功能,二者连用不符合经济原则。语法冗余手段的形成是促使"所"脱落的重要原因。"所"脱落后,其转指功能还作为隐性语迹作用于后面的动词或者介词。因此,"有/无+Prep/V"类词的形成,其实就是"有/无"和"所"字基于韵律的要求而共同作用的结果。The kind of ＂You/Wu ＋Prep/V＂ are the verb-object structure compound words in modern Chinese. The formation of this kind words are the result of the dropping of the functional word suo in the structure of ＂you/wu ＋suo ＋ V＂ and ＂you/wu ＋suo ＋ Prep ＋ VP＂.The former dropped the suo,then the you/wu and the V that had transferred refer- ence lexicalized the the verb-object structure compound verbs;the latter dropped the suo, then the you/wu and the preposition occured lexicalization because of reanalysis,and at the same time,the preposition that modified the verb as adverbial became the object of you/wu. The motivation of suo＇s dropping is that you/wu has required predicate compo- sition having the the compulsory transferred function,and suo has the same transferred function. Then this two words had been used togather,and the formation of grammatical re- dundancy was the important reason of suo＇s dropping. After the dropping of suo ,its trans- ferred reference function still play a role on the verb or preposition after it. So the forma- tion of this kind of ＂you/wu ＋Prep/V＂ word was a result of the same effect of you/ wu and suo.

关 键 词：“有 无+Prep V” “所” 脱落 词汇化 重新分析 转指 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]