对虾高位池循环水养殖水体浮游动物生态特征研究  

Ecological Characteristics of Zooplankton in the Higher Place Pond of Shrimp Recirculating Aquaculture System

作　　者：魏小岚[1,2] 李纯厚[1] 颉晓勇[1] 戴明[1] 廖秀丽[1] 胡维安[1,3] 肖雅元[1,3] 李朋[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究所,广州510632 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第1期141-152,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(A200901G04;A201001H06);农业部2011年农业生态环境保护财政项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009TS16);广东省科技计划项目(2011B031200001)

摘　　要：为了掌握对虾高位池循环水养殖过程中浮游动物的变动规律,有效管理水体环境质量,提高养殖效益,于2010年8月—11月,以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannarnei)为试验对象,研究了循环水处理高位池养殖水体中浮游动物的群落结构及其动态变化,试验设计3种不同循环处理量组,即20m3·h-1(P1组)、40m3·h-1(P2组)和60m3·h-1(P3组),探讨不同的循环水处理量和养殖模式对水体中浮游动物的生态特征影响。结果表明,从各试验塘鉴定出浮游动物主要隶属于四大类,循环塘21属35种,对照塘43属61种,种类最多的为轮虫,占总数的34.4%,其次为原生动物,占总数的31.1%,再次为枝角类,占总数的19.7%,最后为桡足类,占总数的14.8%。循环塘的优势种以原生动物和轮虫为主,而对照塘试验中后期的浮游动物以大型甲壳动物为主,循环塘和对照塘中浮游动物的密度分别为:131.52～497.17ind·L-1和122.09～373.15ind·L-1,其生物量分别为1.19～3.87mg·L-1和0.64～3.01mg·L-1,循环塘中浮游动物的密度和生物量明显高于对照塘,且存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。循环塘浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)在1.01～2.08之间波动,而对照塘浮游动物多样性指数(H′)在0.76～1.56之间波动。Ecological characteristics of zooplankton were studied to master changes in the law of zooplankton in the higher-place pond of shrimp recirculating aquaculture system,to effective manage environmental quality of cultured waters,and to rise cultured benefit.From August to November in 2010,by Litopenaeus vannarnei as experimental object was research in the higher place pond of shrimp recirculating aquaculture system.Experiments were designed three different recirculating treatment groups,they were 20 m3·h-1（Group of pond one）,40 m3·h-1（Group of pond two） and 60 m3·h-1（Group of pond three）,respectively.Community structure and its dynamic changes of zooplankton were studied in the higher-place pond of shrimp recirculating aquaculture system.The experimental results showed that different recirculating quantity and aquaculture pattern might influence on the ecological characteristic of zooplankton in the cultured waters.The zooplanktons were mainly belonged to four categories in the higher place ponds of shrimp recirculating aquaculture system.Four categories had 21 generas and 35 species in the shrimp recirculating aquaculture ponds,and there were 43 generas and 61 species in the shrimp control pond.Species of rotifer,protozoan,cladocera and copepoda were accounted for 34.4%,31.1%,19.7% and 14.8% respectively in the total ratio.Dominant species of zooplankton mainly included protozoa and rotifers in the recirculating aquaculture ponds,however,on the lately experimental phase,they mainly included large crustacean animal in the control aquaculture pond.Density of zooplankton were 131.52～497.17 ind·L-1 and 122.09～373.15 ind·L-1 in the recirculating aquaculture ponds and control aquaculture pond respectively,and the biomass of zooplankton respectively were 1.19～3.87 mg·L-1 and 0.64～3.01 mg·L-1 in the recirculating aquaculture ponds and control aquaculture pond respectively.Density and biomass of zooplankton of the recirculating aquaculture ponds were higher than that of the control aquaculture p

关 键 词：高位池 循环量 浮游动物 生态特征 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]