岩溶山区水分时空异质性及植物适应机理研究进展  

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of water and plant adaptation mechanisms in karst regions: a review

作　　者：陈洪松[1,2] 聂云鹏[1,2] 王克林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,环江547100

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第2期317-326,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-10);国家自然科学基金项目(41171187;31100294);国家科技支撑计划课题(2010BAE00739-02)

摘　　要：西南岩溶地区虽然降水充沛,但因具有二元水文结构,地表水大量渗漏、地下水深埋,加上土层浅薄且分布不连续、土壤储水能力低,岩溶干旱严重,水分亏缺仍然是植被恢复重建的关键限制因子。如何有效地进行植被的恢复重建和实现水土资源的协调利用,是该地区石漠化综合治理面临的主要难题。由于地质背景的特殊性、地形地貌的复杂性和生境的高度异质性,岩溶山区水分运移过程与其他类型区显著不同,亟需综合考虑岩性、地形地貌、土壤与岩石分布、植被等因素的影响。在简要介绍岩溶山区土壤-岩石环境特征的基础上,综述了降雨入渗产流规律、水分时空异质性、植物水分来源及适应机理等几个方面的研究进展,探讨了当前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。今后应以大气-植被-土壤-岩石系统为研究对象,将水分运移过程与植物的水分利用方式有机结合,综合运用土壤物理学、生态水文学、植物生理学、岩溶地质学等多学科研究手段,探讨表层岩溶带的水文调节功能及其主要影响因素,揭示坡面、小流域尺度植被与水文过程的相互作用机理,为西南岩溶山区水源涵养型植物群落的优化配置提供科学依据。Karst ecosystem is very fragile and sensitive to environmental change.China has the largest karst area（344.3×104 km2） with the widest distribution and highest landform diversity in the world,mainly or primarily concentrating in the southwest（about 55×104 km2）.The karst region of southwest China is geology-controlled eco-environment,and the basic characteristics include the shortage of surface water and soil resources,low vegetation coverage and high diversity of microhabitats.Due to special geological background,intensive karst process and recent irrational land uses,both vegetation destruction and soil and water loss are increasingly serious in karst region of southwest China.This results in karst desertification,a process of land degradation involving extensive exposure of basement rocks and drastic decrease in soil productivity.Karst desertification has been leading to the concentrated poverty population and the lack of cultivated land.The karst region of southwest China,the crucial area for the West Development in China,is easy to plunge into a vicious circle between poverty and environmental degradation.Therefore,how to rehabilitate vegetation effectively and to utilize soil and water resources harmoniously are the primary problems for the comprehensive control of karst desertification in this region.Although rainfall is abundant,surface water is leaked heavily and groundwater is buried deeply due to dual hydrological structure in karst region of southwest China.Karst drought is serious and water deficit is still the primary factor for influencing vegetation restoration due to discontinuous shallow soils and low soil storage capacity.Thus,study on spatio-temporal heterogeneity of water and plant adaptation mechanisms is very important for vegetation restoration in karst region of southwest China.Water movement in karst region is significantly different from other kinds of region because of special geological background,complex landform and high heterogeneous habitat,and the effects of lithology,top

关 键 词：岩溶山区 土壤水分 异质性 水分来源 植被格局 植物适应机理 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]