458名进藏新兵心理健康状况与影响因素分析  

Status of mental health in recruits at high altitude and related factors

作　　者：汪涛[1] 唐红英[2] 舒勤[2] 谭静[2] 张民 柏维尧 朱京慈[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学护理学院心理学教研室 [2]第三军医大学护理学院基础护理教研室 [3]重庆市沙坪坝区卫生局疾病控制中心慢性病防治管理科 [4]西藏军区77619部队卫生队

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2013年第3期267-269,共3页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：全军医学科研"十一五"计划面上项目(06MA202);第三军医大学青年人才创新基金(2010XQN19)~~

摘　　要：目的分析458名进藏新兵心理健康状况及可能的影响因素,探讨有效的心理防护措施。方法采用SCL-90、心理弹性、人格特征和情绪调节方式问卷进行现场调查。结果①进藏新兵SCL-90心理症状阳性检出率为28.38%(130/458),躯体化、焦虑因子显著高于中国新兵常模(P<0.05,P<0.01),除精神病性因子外,其余因子得分均低于新兵常模(P<0.01)。②心理症状阳性组在N维度、增强调节和减弱调节得分显著高于心理症状阴性组,E维度、心理弹性显著低于心理症状阴性组(P<0.01)。③SCL-90总分与N维度、增强调节、减弱调节呈显著正相关(r分别为0.599、0.202、0.334,P<0.01),与心理弹性和E维度呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.294、-0.284,P<0.01)。④N维度、心理弹性、减弱调节、E维度和增强调节是预测进藏新兵心理健康状况的重要因素,可解释进藏新兵心理健康状况44.4%的变异。结论进藏新兵在进驻高原后1周易出现躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑和强迫,人格因素、心理弹性以及情绪调节是重要的预测因素。Objective To analyze the status of mental health in recruits at high altitude and the related factors. Methods A total of 458 recruits were tested by the symptom check list-90 （SCL-90）, Connor-Davidson resilience scale （CD-RISC）, Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ） and emotion regula- tion questionnaire. Results The positive rate of SCL-90 psychological symptoms in the recruits was 28. 38%. The scores of somatization and anxiety were significantly higher than the norm of Chinese recruits （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 ）, but the other 7 factors were still lower （P 〈0.0I ）. The scores of EPQ-N and emotional regulation in the psychological symptom-positive group were higher than those in the psychological symptom- negative group, while the scores of EPQ-E and mental resilience were significantly lower （P 〈 0.01 ）. The total score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with the scores of EPQ-N and emotional regulation （ r = 0. 599, 0. 202, 0.334, P 〈 0. 01 ） , and was negatively correlated with the scores of mental resilience and EPQ-E （r = -0. 294, - 0. 284, P 〈 0.01 ）. The factors of EPQ-E, EPQ-N, emotional regulation and mental resilience predicted 44.4% variance of the SCL-90. Conclusion Somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive are the most common symptoms in recruits at high altitude, especially in the first week. Extraversion, neuroticism, mental resilience and emotional regulation are the important predictive factors for mental health. Health guidance, psychobehaviora] training, emotional management and mental resilience training can help recruits build psychological fitness.

关 键 词：心理健康 新兵 高原 影响因素 

分 类 号：R339.54[医药卫生—人体生理学] R395.6[医药卫生—基础医学]