机车车辆静态限界非接触式自动测量系统  

Non-Contact Automatic Measurement System for the Static Clearance of Rolling Stock

作　　者：郭寅[1] 刘常杰[1] 刘刚[2] 高福来[2] 叶声华[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]铁道部产品质量监督检验中心机车车辆检验站,北京100015

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2013年第1期134-138,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50735003);国家"八六三"计划项目(2008AA042407)

摘　　要：针对接触式铁路机车车辆静态限界规存在测量精度控制较难、操作复杂、效率低等问题,基于激光测距传感器和以PLC为主控单元,并结合测量计算机,研制机车车辆非接触式静态限界自动测量系统。在车辆的4个侧面分别布置激光测距传感器,传感器以电机传动的方式实现对机车车辆整个横截面的自动扫描测量;借助激光跟踪仪测量精密靶标,建立轨道中心坐标系;通过系统校准,消除误差,融合所有传感器的测量数据,求出截面各部分到限界的尺寸,完成静态限界测量。经现场实验验证,系统的测量精度达到0.5mm,实现了测量的高度自动化,很好地满足了机车车辆静态限界测量的要求。Concerning the difficulties such as precise measurement control, complicated operation and low efficiency in contact clearance gauge for railway rolling stock, a non-contact automatic measurement system for the static clearance of rolling stock is designed based on laser ranging sensors and measurement com- puter, and with PLC as its main control unit. The system automatically measures the entire section of roll- ing-stock with laser ranging sensors which are placed at four sides of the vehicle and moved under the con- trol of motor drive. The orbit coordinate system is built by measuring a precision target with the laser tracker. During the measurement of static clearance, system calibration is used to eliminate error. The dis- tance between each part of the section and the clearance is obtained by combining data from all sensors. It has been verified by field experiments that system measurement precision can reach up to 0. 5 mm, and high-level automation is realized to better satisfy the requirements for the static clearance measurement of rolling stock.

关 键 词：机车车辆限界 自动测量 非接触式 激光跟踪仪 系统校准 

分 类 号：U260.22[机械工程—车辆工程] U269.55[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]