蔗渣垫料在零排放发酵床养猪中的应用研究  

Using Bagasse as a Litter in Zero-emission Fermentation Bed

作　　者：肖佳华[1] 刘云浩[1] 郭萍[1] 朱昌雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第1期48-51,130,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：水专项:华南村镇塘坝地表饮用水安全保障适用技术研究(2008ZX07425-002);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD96B07;2009BADC2B02)

摘　　要：目前微生物发酵床养猪垫料是选用木屑、谷壳作为原料,来实现零排放养猪。文章选用农业固体废弃物——蔗渣为垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床养猪,跟踪了3个月垫料在实际使用中的温度、有机质、氮、磷、钾、微生物指标,对蔗渣的使用效果进行了评价,并建立PCR反应体系来扩增DNA,利用PCR-DGGE技术对垫料中的微生物群落多样性进行研究。结果表明：蔗渣作为垫料,能使垫床温度控制在40~65℃之间,保证了良好的发酵效果、且有效活菌数达到0.22×109cfu/g,可以对猪粪便等有机质进行较彻底的消解,因此蔗渣可以作为一种垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床;垫料中总养分达到1.371 7%,使用后的垫料可以作为一种原料生产生物有机肥。To achieve zero-emission,sawdust and rice husk are chosen as a litter to feeding pig in microbiological fermentation bed.Agricultural solid waste-bagasse was used as a litter in zero-emission leaking floor fermentation bed,and temperature,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,microbial communities were investigated to evaluate the efficiency.PCR reaction system was established to amplify DNA,and microbial diversity by PCR-DGGE was analyzed.Results showed that using bagasse as a litter,the temperature of fermentation bed could keep between 40~65 ℃ to ensure efficient fermentation,and effective living bacterium number reached to 0.22×109 cfu/g,which can digest organic matter such as pig manure.The bagasse can be a kind of litter used in zero-emission leaking floor fermentation bed.As long as using,total nutrient content in litter was rising to 1.371 7%,and the spent litter can be used as raw material for production of bioorganic fertilizer.

关 键 词：蔗渣 垫料 微生物多样性 PCR-DGGE 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]