小浪底水库浮泥对后期异重流运行响应的研究  

Study on Response of Fluid Mud for the Density Current Running in Later Stage of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

作　　者：李昆鹏[1] 马怀宝[1] 王瑞 王婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]开封市环境监测站,河南开封475000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2012年第12期32-33,36,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179072);水利部公益性行业科研专项(200801024,200901015);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2012-07)

摘　　要：小浪底水库在近库底形成浮泥层后不仅影响当次洪水泥沙输移,而且对后期洪水泥沙输移产生影响。人们对水库浮泥层从未开展过研究,还无统一的认识,因此对该问题进行深入分析,对水库减淤及排沙具有重要意义。采用理论分析和试验模拟相结合的方法,重点研究了小浪底水库浮泥的形成条件、流变特性、平衡坡度以及对后期异重流运行的响应。结果表明:小浪底水库浮泥是接近水库底部的一层高含沙水体,它与上层水体间有明显的界面,且具有很强的流动性;其宾汉极限剪应力、刚度系数、平衡坡度都与容重有着密切的关系;后期洪水产生的异重流能量足够大时,可推动前期水库浮泥并排沙出库。Forming a floating sludge layer near the bottom can influence on flood and sediment transport of Xiaolangdi Reservoir not only at that time but also in later stage. Few study of floating sludge layer had been studied and there was no unified understanding; therefore this study had great importance to the reduction of reservoir sedimentation and desihing. This article used the theoretical analysis and experimental simulation methods, focusing on the Xiaolangdi Reservoir floating sludge formation conditions, rheological properties, equilibrium slope and response for density current running in later stage. The results show that： the floating sludge close to bottom in Xiaolangdi Reservoir is belongs to high sediment concentration water with strong fluidity, which is divided by a clear bounda~ from water body above ; its Bingham limiting shear stress, stiffness coefficient, bal- ance gradient are all closely related with density; when the energy of density current generating in later flood is strong enough, the anterior fluid mud will be pushed out of the rese~＇voir.

关 键 词：水库浮泥 异重流 流变特性 平衡坡度 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]