从“题目正名”看南北戏曲体制之异  

The Differences between the Northern and Southern Drama as Seen in the "Title Revealing"

作　　者：吴晟[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期94-100,共7页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目"中国古代诗歌与戏剧互为体用研究"(项目编号:10FZW016)

摘　　要：南戏剧本前面与北杂剧剧本末尾有四句或两句韵语,用来概括剧情大意、提示剧名,叫题目或题目正名。从观众而言,它具有广告宣传之用;从读者而言,它具有了解剧情概要之需。但为何南戏置于剧本开头而北杂剧放在剧本末尾,这是由南戏剧情比较复杂、杂剧剧情相对单纯所决定。南戏剧情复杂的构成因素之一是融合了较多的表演伎艺;杂剧主要吸收了说唱伎艺,尽管也插入一些表演伎艺,但与剧情无关,故不会增加剧情的复杂性。"多角均唱"的演唱体制,决定了南戏以动作、形体、道白、表情——念做打表演,相对来说不太受时间的限制;"一人主唱"到底的演唱体制,决定了元杂剧剧情比较单纯,一般为"四折一楔子"。The Four or two rhythmical sentences at the beginning of a Southern drama or at the end of a Northern drama,which can be used to summarize the story and present the title,is called prologue or title revealing.It has the use of advertising from the perspective of audiences;it can also help readers know the contents from the perspective of readers.The reason why the title of a Southern drama is at the beginning of the play,while the title of a Northern drama is at the end of a play lies in the different stories of plays,the stories of the Southern drama are more complex than those of the Northern drama.One of the factors lies in that the Southern Drama blend many performance skills,while the Northern drama absorbs rap artistic skills,although it also inserts some performance skills,these have nothing to do with the stories,and do not go so far as to increase the complexity of the plot.The system of many characters＇ singing determines the Southern drama＇s performance style,such as motion,body,speaking,expression,etc.,which are not limited by time.The Northern drama system is called ＂four acts with one prologue＂.In this system,the leading actor is singing from beginning through to the end,so as to make its stories much simpler.

关 键 词：题目正名 南戏 杂剧 体制 表演 说唱 

分 类 号：I207.3[文学—中国文学]