四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市6～16岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的流行病学调查  

Diagnosis of Puerile Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Xichang City,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province

作　　者：方敏[1] 杨尧[1] 王西蓉[1] 汤艳[2] 庄晓玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院儿科,四川西昌615000 [2]泸州医学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华妇幼临床医学杂志（电子版）》2012年第6期610-613,共4页Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：四川省凉山彝族自治州政府重点科研基金项目(2011)~~

摘　　要：目的探讨四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市6～16岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的患病率特征及其影响因素。方法于2011年4至5月采用《一般情况调查表》和《注意缺陷及多动症状调查表》对西昌市6所小学和3所初级中学的6～16岁儿童进行整群-分层抽样调查,共计抽取学生2800例纳入本调查,其中男童为1202例,女童为1148例。根据入组儿童年龄,将其分为6～7岁组(n=399)、8～10岁组(n=958)及11～16岁组(n=993)。对可疑ADHD患儿及其家长进行诊断性访谈,并采用统计学方法进行ADHD影响因素分析(本研究遵循的程序符合四川省凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书)。ADHD的诊断标准采用美国《精神障碍诊断和统计手册(第4版)》,根据患儿症状、病程、严重程度将其进一步分为注意缺陷为主型(ADHD-I)、多动-冲动为主型(ADHD-HI)和混合型(ADHD-C)。结果本地区6～16岁儿童的ADHD患病率为4.81%。其中,ADHD-I型的患病率最高,为2.64%,ADHD-C型患病率次之,为1.40%,ADHD-HI型最低,为0.77%。3型ADHD患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童ADHD患病率明显高于女童,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6～7岁组的ADHD各型的患病率最高,与其他年龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄、性别、母亲的文化程度、家族史、产伤、对儿童的教育不当、亲子关系等是ADHD的影响因素。结论四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市6～16岁儿童中,ADHD-I型患病率最高,而且以6～7岁组儿童的患病率最高,男童患病率明显高于女童。年龄、性别、父母的文化程度、家族史、产伤、对儿童的教育不当、亲子关系等是ADHD的影响因素。Objective To study prevalence and influential factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）in children in Xichang city, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Methods A cluster-stratified sampling was conducted in children aged 6-16 years old in Xichang city, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Using General information Questionnaire and ADHD Symptoms Rating Questionnaire, diagnostic interviews were conducted in suspected ADHD children and their parents. Using Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅳ（DSM-Ⅳ）criteria of ADHD.Patients were classified as ADHD predominantly inattentive（ADHD-I）,predominantly hyperactive-impulsive （ADHD-HI）and combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive（ADHD-C）subtypes.According to children age, who were divided into 6-7 years old group（n=399）, 8-10 years old group（n=958）, 11-16 years old group（n=993）. Influential factors of ADHD were analyzed. This study followed the ethics standard that was enacted by investigation in human beings Committee of the First people′s Hospital in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.Informed consent was obtained from the parents of each participating child . Results Prevalence of ADHD in children aged 6-16 years old in Xichang city, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan,Prevalences were 4.81%,and 2.64%,1.40% and 0.77% in ADHDI, ADHDC and ADHDHI subtypes,respectively. Prevalence of ADHD in boys was higher than that in girls（P0.05）. There were significant differences in prevalence of ADHD among various age groups and subtypes.Prevalence of ADHD was the highest in children aged 67 years old. Age, sex, mothers′ education levels family history, birth injuries, unmerited education, parenthood were influential factors of ADHD. Conclusions Prevalence of ADHDHI subtype was higher than those other two subtypes.Prevalence of ADHD was the highest in children aged 67 years old. The Prevalence of ADHD in boys was higher than that in girls in Xichang c

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 患病率 影响因素 儿童 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]