应用人工湿地的技术对净化奶牛场废水的研究  

Studies on the decontamination of dairy farm sewage by constructed wetland

作　　者：颜明娟[1] 方志坚[1] 翁伯琦[1] 陈子聪[1] 林诚[1] 张辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第12期1992-1997,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B15);福建省自然基金项目(2008J0119)

摘　　要：奶牛场废水量大,极易引起周边环境污染且大量养分资源流失于"土壤-植物"系统外而造成浪费,如何合理处置奶牛场废水使其既能被净化又可循环利用其养分成为当务之急。利用适应性强、耐肥、生长量大、根系发达的象草(Pennisetumpurpureum)和黒麦草(Lolium perenne)为植被,合理利用奶牛场外围的坡地和田地全年轮作,构建水草复合体系的间歇性人工湿地。在不同季节根据不同的水力停留时间通过对进出水中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷、COD浓度的监测,分析湿地系统的净化效果及其净化稳定性,研究间歇性人工湿地对奶牛场废水净化和养分吸收利用的效果,以期为实现奶牛场废水污染治理和资源的合理循环利用提供依据。结果表明,象草和黒麦草在人工湿地系统表现很好的适应性,可有效的吸收废水中养分,氮磷的去除率分别达到82.3%和86.2%;水力停留6 d系统中各污染指标都降低了80%以上,经过间歇性人工湿地系统处理的夏季与冬季废水各项指标的去除率基本相同,净化效果稳定。构建间歇性人工湿地栽种牧草处理奶牛场废水既实现污水处理的目的,又可以利用污水中富含大量营养物质降低牧草种植的生产成本,同时也为奶牛场节省饲料成本,不失为一种畜牧业良性发展可行的模式。A large amount of dairy effluent can easily cause the contamination of surrounding environment. And plenty of nutrients can also be lost out of the soil-plant system to cause waste. Therefore it is essential how to perform the disposal of dairy sewage rationally so that the nutrients can be recycled while the sewage being purified. Constructing the intermittent artificial wetland based on compound aquatic plant system by the rational use of yearly pasture rotation on the peripheral slopes and fields out the dairy farm was studied. The pasture mainly contains Pennisetum purpureum and Lolium perenne which are well-adapted, high-fertilizer bear and which have robust root system. The effect and stability of wetland decontamination were analyzed by monitoring the total nitrogen, ammonium nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and the concentration of COD of the sewage in and out according to the different HRTs in every season. Studying the efficiency of dairy sewage disposal effect and the absorption of nutrients with the intermittent artificial wetland is to provide basis for the decontamination of the dairy sewage and recycle of resource. The result shows that Pennisetum purpureum and Lolium perenne adapt well to the artificial wetland system. They can absorb nutrients from the sewage effectively with the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus reaching 82.3% and 86.2% respectively. In the six days HRT system, every pollution indicator was decreased more than 80%. Through the intermittent artificial wetland system, the contaminate removal rate remains the same in summer and winter, proving the stability of decontamination effect. The construction of intermittent artificial wetland to dispose the dairy sewage can not only remove the pollutant, but also decrease the cost of pasture plant by using the nutrients in the sewage and cut down the cost of forage. This can be a benign developing mode of graziery.

关 键 词：人工湿地 奶牛场 废水 净化 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]