葡萄园种草的环境效应  

Effects of undergrowth on eco-environment in vineyards

作　　者：巴德日胡[1,2] 孙铁军[2] 张颖娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]北京市农林科学院草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《草业科学》2013年第1期96-103,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-30);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX201102005;KJCX201103001)

摘　　要：采用葡萄(Vitis vinifera)园行间单播草地雀麦(Bromus riparius)、单播野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)、草地雀麦和野牛草混播3种人工种草方法,以清耕裸露地和自然生草地为对照,分析人工植草对葡萄园生态环境的改善作用,筛选果草间作的适宜草种。结果表明,人工植草可以快速增加葡萄园行间地上生物量,提高植被覆盖度和地表粗糙度。其中,野牛草播种3个月后,地表覆盖度可达88.5%,当年地上生物量达到4 016.2kg.hm-2,地表粗糙度较裸露地增加2.4倍以上,同时提高葡萄坐果前和采收后土壤温度,减弱近地表气温与空气湿度剧烈变化,稳定葡萄园微环境小气候,且不同生态草中野牛草表现突出;生态草种植还可以改善葡萄园土壤水分状况,调节不同深度土壤水分分布格局,增加0～20cm深度土壤含水量和减少20cm以下土层含水量;野牛草和草地雀麦种植还可以降低土壤容重和紧实度,减少耕作层速效磷含量,混播后还可增加土壤速效钾含量,有利于果实品质提高。In order to analyze the effects of pasture establishment on eco-environment in vineyards and select pasture species sown in vineyards, monoculture Bromus riparius, Buchloe dactyloides and mixed B. riparius/B, dactyloides were used. The results showed that above-ground biomass, vegetation cover and surface roughness of pastures in mid rows increased after pasture establishment in the vineyard. Espe-cially, above-ground biomass and coverage of monoculture B. dactyloides pasture were 4 016.2 kg · ha^-1 and 88.5%, respectively, and its surface roughness could be over 2.4 times of the bare soil after sowing for three months. The soil temperature in the 0 - 5 cm soil layer rose before bear fruit and after fruit har-vest. The change of strength on near-surface air temperature and moisture were weakened and mini-envi- ronment and mini-climate in the vineyard improved. B. dactyloides was better performed than others. Meanwhile, soil moisture improved and water distributing structure changed in the soil due to pasture establishment in vineyards. Water content increased in the 0-20 cm layer and decreased under the 20 cm layer obviously. After monoculture B. dactyloides and B. riparius for a year, soil bulk density, soil com pactiveness and available phosphorous decreased in the arable layer, while available potassium increased after sowing mixed B. dactyloides/B, riparius, which was beneficial to the fruit quality.

关 键 词：果草间作 葡萄园 草地雀麦 野牛草 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S54[农业科学—园艺学]