不同水生植物残体分解过程中真菌群落结构  

Fungal community structure during the decomposition of various aquatic plant litters

作　　者：郑九文[1,2] 邢鹏[2] 余多慰[1] 郭远[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京210046 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国药科大学生命科学学院,南京210009

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第2期368-374,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000241)资助

摘　　要：水生植物是浅水湖泊主要的初级生产者,其分解和矿化过程对于水体营养物质循环具有重要影响。真菌是生态系统中植物残体的主要分解者之一,其在不同水生植物残体分解过程中的群落组成和功能目前尚缺乏系统的研究。本研究通过在完整的沉积物和上覆水体系中添加不同的植物残体,在确定适合的扩增真菌18SrRNA基因特异性引物的基础上,通过构建克隆文库以及序列分析,研究了水体和表层沉积物在不同水生植物残体分解过程中的真菌群落组成。结果显示,引物对nu-SSU-0817/nu-SSU-1536和nu-SSU-0817/nu-SSU-1196更适合扩增真菌18SrRNA基因;水体中的真菌类群主要是担子菌(Basidiomycota),而表层沉积物中主要是壶菌(Chytridiomycota)。统计分析显示,水体和表层沉积物中真菌群落结构存在明显差异。本研究有助于进一步认识真菌在水生植物残体分解过程中的功能和生态位分化。Aquatic plants are the main primary producers in shallow lake, and their decomposi- tion and mineralization have significant effects on the nutrient cycle in lake ecosystems. Fungi are one of the major decomposers in natural environments, but little is known about the composition and functions of fungal community during the decomposition of various aquatic plant litters. In this paper, various types of aquatic plant residues were separately added into undisturbed lake sediments and their upper water to study the characteristics of fungal community structure during the decomposition of these residues, based on the selection of suitable primers that can specifical- ly amplify fungal 18S rRNA gene and on the construction of clone libraries and sequencing. The results showed that the primer pairs nu-SSU-0817/nu-SSU-1536 and nu-SSU-0817/nu-SSU-1196 were suitable to amplify the fungal 18S rRNA gene. Basidiomycota was the most common fungal taxa in water column, and Chytridiomycota was the most common one in surface sediments. Sta- tistical analysis showed that there existed obvious differences in the fungal community structure in water column and surface sediments. This study would give further insight into the functions and niche differentiation of fungi during the decomposition of aquatic plant litters.

关 键 词：真菌 18S RRNA基因 巢式PCR 克隆建库 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]