水平轴风力机叶片扭角和弦长的理想分布  

OPTIMAL TWIST AND CHORD OF THE BLADES OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

作　　者：姜海波[1] 曹树良[2] 李艳茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学天津校区,天津300450 [2]清华大学热能工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2013年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：全军"十一五"计划项目(ARJ06J001)

摘　　要：为得到风力机功率、转矩和推力等性能随尖速比和翼型升阻比变化的极限公式,需求解叶片的理想扭角和弦长沿翼展变化的解析表达式,同时这项研究也可为叶片外形设计提供理论参考。为此首先从效率最大化的原则出发,用极值的微分算法证明最佳攻角就是使翼型升阻比最大的攻角;其次利用最佳攻角和入流角公式推导出叶片理想扭角沿展向的解析表达式;然后根据动量-叶素理论,推导出叶片理想弦长沿展向的解析表达式。研究表明:叶片理想扭角是设计尖速比、最佳攻角和风轮半径的函数,叶片理想弦长是设计尖速比、风轮半径以及对应最佳攻角的升力和阻力系数的函数。这两个表达式均可表示为显函数的形式。In order to find out the horizontal axis wind turbine limit formulas of power, torque and thrust perform- ance with the tip-speed ratio and lift-drag ratio of airfoil, above all the analytical expression of the ideal twist angle and chord along the blade span need to be obtained. This study can also provide a theoretical reference for blade shape design. In this paper, by the principle to maximize efficiency, it was proved that the best attack angle is what makes the lift-drag ratio largest. The analytic expressions of the ideal twist of blade was derived by using the best attack angle and inflow angle. The results show that the ideal twist is the function of design-tip-speed ratio, the best attack angle of blade and the relative radius of the rotor, and the ideal chord is the function of design-tip-speed ratio, the relative radius of the rotor and lift coefficient and drag coefficient at the best attack angle. Both the ex- pressions are explicit function.

关 键 词：风能利用 风力机叶片 气动设计 理想叶片 弦长 扭角 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]