不同类型地膜覆盖对马铃薯产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching of Different Types on Potato Yield and Quality

作　　者：张维国 

机构地区：[1]青海省互助县曹家堡良种场,青海互助810500

出　　处：《作物杂志》2013年第1期87-90,共4页Crops

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系-西宁综合试验站(CARS-10-ES29)

摘　　要：在青海省互助县曹家堡进行不同类型地膜覆盖马铃薯单因素试验,以白膜覆盖、黑膜覆盖、降解膜覆盖为处理,以起垄露地种植和平地种植为对照。试验结果表明,在土壤深度0～10cm处,增温效果为白膜起垄>起垄降解膜>起垄黑膜>起垄露地>露地平种,10cm深处的增温效果>土壤表面。各种地膜覆盖后均可缩短马铃薯的生育期,提前收获,白膜覆盖和降解膜覆盖缩短生育期的作用大,黑膜覆盖作用小。白膜、黑膜和降解膜起垄覆盖马铃薯后,均可增加马铃薯株高、茎粗,提高马铃薯的结薯数和大薯率,提高马铃薯块茎产量和块茎淀粉产量,但干物质含量和淀粉含量下降,黑膜覆盖后干物质含量、淀粉含量下降的少,白膜覆盖和降解膜覆盖下降的多。普通白膜和黑膜的残留量大,降解膜到收获时基本腐烂。采用白膜或降解膜进行马铃薯覆盖最好。A single factor experiment with different kinds of plastic film mulching on potato planting was conducted in Caojiapu, Qinghai province. The treatments were： white membrane cover, black membrane cover, degradation membrane cover and the controls were ridging outdoor planting and levelled ground planting. The results indicated that ：at soil depth of 0 -10cm, the effect of temprature increase was white membrane cover 〉 degradation membrane cover 〉 black membrane cover 〉 ridging outdoor 〉 planting in leveled planting. Temperature increase at soil depth greater than lOcm was greater than that at soil surface. All kinds of plastic film mulching could shorten the growth period of potatoes and promote early harvest. The shortening of growth period was greaterwith white plastic film coy- large fries rate were all increased. These mulching methods could greatly increase the potato tuber yield and tuber starch production. However the potato dry matter content and starch content decreased. The potato dry matter content and starch content droped less with black film covering compared with degradation membrane covering and the white plastic film, The residues of ordinary white film and black film were high while the degradation membrane was basicly decayed when harvest. It is recommended that white film and degradation membrane are ideal for potato mulching.

关 键 词：地膜类型 马铃薯 产量 品质 经济性状 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]