荒漠沙蜥栖息地选择的季节和地理变异  

Seasonal and geographic variations of habitat selection in Phrynocephalus przewalskii

作　　者：赵伟[1] 刘廼发[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第6期81-86,共6页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2012-114)

摘　　要：通过主成分分析、方差分析和非参数检验比较荒漠沙蜥利用生境和潜在可利用生境的9个生态因子,目的是调查其栖息地选择的地理和季节变异.研究表明荒漠沙蜥栖息地选择不存在性别差异,但存在显著的季节和地理差异.多数种群在繁殖前均选择植被盖度较低的、日晒条件好的生境,而繁殖后选择草本盖度较高、食物条件较好的生境.对照样方季节变异不明显,表明该差异主要由沙蜥的主动选择引起.繁殖前温度相对较低,沙蜥为了获得较高体温、保证生殖腺发育而选择低盖度生境;繁殖后期为了避免高温、快速积累越冬所需脂肪而选择高草本盖度生境.无论对照样方还是选择样方均存在显著的地理变异,且参数的变异模式相同,表明栖息地的地理差异与生境的差异有一定关系.此外,在不同的生境条件下,沙蜥也会权衡逃避敌害和取食的利害,而做出有利于其存活和繁殖的选择.如在灌丛盖度较高逃避捕食较容易的生境会较多地考虑日晒和取食,而在植被盖度较低食物不利时侧重取食.Animals depend on their habitats to complete a life cycle and habitat selection will affect all their other selections.Parameters of 173 selected and 227 controlled habitats of Phrynocephalus przewalskii from four populations around the Tengger desert were compared using principal component analysis,ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test.It was found that abitat selection was similar between males and females,but differed in seasons or among the populations.Before breeding,P.przewalskii selected sites with a lower cover of vegetation to achieve optimal body temperature.In order to recruit the energy used in reproduction and accumulate energy for passing the winter,they would favor sites with a high density and cover of grass after breeding.No significant seasonal difference was found in the controlled habitats;so the variations in the selected habitats were mainly caused by active selection.Geographic variation patterns in selected and controlled habitats were similar.Thus the geographic variations in P.przewalskii habitat selection might have mainly contributed to the environment variations.Moreover,P.przewalskii would weigh the benefit between foraging and avoiding predation,and make different decisions in different conditions.For example,P.przewalskii would favor bathing and foraging when the vegetation coverage was high,but mainly favored foraging when the food was short.

关 键 词：荒漠沙蜥 栖息地选择 地理变异 季节变异 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]