汽车制动时湿滑路面对运行状态的影响分析  

Effect of Slippery Road on Automobile Moving State in Braking

作　　者：吕江毅[1] 宋建桐[1] 刘敏杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京电子科技职业学院,北京100026

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2013年第2期372-378,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：北京市职业院校教师素质提高工程项目(11HX020)资助

摘　　要：路面湿滑状态影响行车安全性。研究汽车在不同湿滑路面上制动时的运行规律及轮胎受力情况,有助于探索雨天交通事故发生机理。将轮胎接地面的湿滑程度分为五类,采用机械系统动力学仿真软件,构建了整车模型、轮胎模型及路面模型,分别模拟了汽车在各种路面上制动时的纵向位移、横摆角、横向位移变化情况。并通过分析胎—路作用力,解释了汽车运行参数变化的原因。研究结果表明,汽车制动时的运行参数与路面湿滑状态密切相关,轮胎接地两侧路面的湿滑程度及其差异性越高,则汽车运行安全性越低;两侧路面湿滑程度不均衡虽然有可能使得制动距离缩短,但是汽车横向位移变化率却极大,容易发生因横摆角过大出现急转的危险。Slippery road has a significant effect on automobile moving states especially in braking. To gain in- sight into the mechanism of traffic accident in wet weather, studying automobile moving state in braking on different slippery roads is needed. The automobile-road model was built to simulate automobile motion on five types of slip- pery roads using system dynamics software, and the kinematical and dynamic responses of an automobile were de- rived. The results showed that automobile moving parameters such as braking distance, lateral displacement and yaw rate rely on the slippery degree of roads. Specifically, slippery discrepancy in two sides of a road contacted with tires shortens the braking distance, but the lateral displacement and yaw rate increase, which raises the side crash risk.

关 键 词：交通安全 仿真 汽车运行 路面状态 制动 

分 类 号：U491.25[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U461.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]