中国村庄宅基地空心化评价及其影响因素  

Typical survey and analysis on influencing factors of village-hollowing of rural housing land in China

作　　者：宋伟[1] 陈百明[1] 张英[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理研究》2013年第1期20-28,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001108);北京市自然科学基金项目(9113029)

摘　　要：依托全国范围内村庄宅基地空心化的典型调查数据,分析了不同区域、区位和地形条件下村庄宅基地的空心化程度及其影响因素。研究显示:①调查村庄宅基地的平均空心化率为10.15%,其中东、中、西部区域村庄宅基地的空心化率分别为14.82%、9.11%和7.15%,呈现出由东向西依次递减的格局;②空间上,高空心化率省份主要集中分布在华北和东北地区;③城镇远郊村庄宅基地的空心化率(11.33%)高于城镇近郊村庄(7.81%),山地区村庄宅基地的空心化率(12.24%)高于平原区(9.91%)和丘岗区(5.86%);④村庄宅基地空心化率对于农村非农就业比重和耕地相对稀缺程度较为敏感。在当前背景下,如果能充分利用已有闲置和废弃宅基地,可满足我国未来10～20年新增农村人口的用地需求。Village-hollowing came into being in the early 1990s in China with the essential feature of depopulation and land wastage, as a result of the housing development in rural areas. Although village-hollowing is similar to the ＂dying-villages＂ in eastern Europe, to some extent, it is formed in specific social and economic conditions in China. Village-hollowing has emerged with the feature that rural houses and land coexist with the newly-increased rural housing land which continuously extends to the outlying village like standing pancakes, leading to serious land wastage. Consequently, village-hollowing research has been paid much attention in recent years in China. On the basis of typical surveys in China, this paper analyzes the village-hollowing rate of rural housing land and its influencing factors in different regions, locations and landforrns. It can be concluded as： （1） The average rate of village-hollowing of rural housing land in China is about 10.15%; （2） The village-hollowing rate of rural housing land in Eastern China, Central China and Western China averages 14.82%, 9.11% and 7.15% respectively, declining from the East to the West; （3） In space, villages with high hollowing rate are mainly distributed in North China and Northeast China; （4） The village-hollowing rate in exurban cities and towns （11.33%） is higher than that in suburban cities and towns （7.81%）, and the village-hollowing rate in hilly region （12.24%） is higher than that in plain region （9.91%） and downy region （5.86%）; （5） The village-hollowing rate is greatly affected by the number of non-agricultural working people and the ratio of cultivated land area to rural residential area. In this situation, we should make full use of the idle and abandoned rural housing lands so that we can satisfy the demands of newly-increased rural population for housing construction in the next 10 or 20 years.

关 键 词：村庄空心化 宅基地 区位 地形 农户调查 中国 

分 类 号：F301.3[经济管理—产业经济] F224