深埋高水位山岭隧道支护与衬砌外水压力分析  

Analysis of External Water Pressure on Support and Lining of Deep Mountain Tunnels below High Water Table

作　　者：信春雷[1] 高波[1] 李苍松[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中铁西南科学研究院有限公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2013年第2期77-82,共6页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51178398);国家自然科学基金项目(51078319)

摘　　要：为保护环境并尽可能降低隧道衬砌结构所承受的水压力,深埋高水位山岭隧道一般采取堵水限排的设计原则。在隧道力学和渗流力学的基础上进行数值分析和模型试验,研究渗流应力耦合作用下支护和衬砌的力学特性。研究结果表明:对于受排水影响明显的山岭隧道,作用于初期支护上的水压力不会随排水条件的改变而发生显著变化。当排水通道从围岩与初期支护的界面转变为初期支护与二次衬砌的界面后,会导致孔隙水压力从初期支护向二次衬砌转移,初期支护产生卸载并朝向围岩变形。隧道有效排水时,二次衬砌承受的水压力可忽略。随着排水系统退化导致排水受阻时,地下水流梯度逐渐下降,有效径向应力逐渐下降,朝向隧道的径向流量减少,且围岩变形减小,二次衬砌上的水压力增大。本研究为深埋高水位山岭隧道的初期支护和二次衬砌的初步设计提供了一个合理的方法,并有助于确定地面、水和支护间的荷载传输机制。To protect the environment and reduce the water pressure on tunnel lining as far as possible, the controlled drainage design principle is generally adopted in deep mountain tunnels below high water table. The mechanical character of tunnel supports and linings under coupling of seepage and stress are studied by using numerical method and model test based on tunnel mechanics and seepage mechanics. The result shows that （1） the water pressure on the primary supports will not change notably when drainage conditions are transformed even though the mountain tunnels are impacted by drainage conditions; （2） the pore water pressure on primary supports would divert to tunnel linings when the drainage channels transferred from the interface between rock mass and primary supports to the interface between primary supports and secondary linings, and the primary supports would be unloaded and moves outwards to rock mass; （3） the water pressure on tunnel linings could be neglected when the ground water could be discharged smoothly; （4） the underground flow gradient would be decrease, the effective radial stress would be decrease, the radial flow toward tunnel would be decrease and the ground deformations would be decrease while the water pressure on secondary lining would be increase when the tunnel drainage system degenerats gradually. This research provided a rational approach for a preliminary design of the primary supports and secondary linings in deep mountain tunnels below high water table, and contributed to identify the load-transfer mechanisms between ground, water and support.

关 键 词：隧道工程 衬砌水压力 模型试验 排水模式 相对刚度法 

分 类 号：U451.4[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]