半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯干物质和钾素积累与分配特性  

Characteristics of dry matter and potassium accumulation and distribution in potato plant in semi-arid rainfed areas

作　　者：卢建武[1,2] 邱慧珍[1,2,3] 张文明[1,2,3] 王蒂[1,3,4] 张俊莲[1,3,4] 张春红[1,2,3] 侯叔音[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第2期423-430,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(1011NKCA070);甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03)资助

摘　　要：2010年在甘肃省定西市通过大田试验,研究了半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯的干物质(DM)和钾素(K)积累与分配规律.结果表明:马铃薯根、茎、叶的DM积累量在全生育期内呈单峰曲线,大小顺序为叶>茎>根;全株和块茎DM积累量在全生育期内持续增加,均呈"S"型增长曲线.全株的DM积累最大速率大于块茎,且出现时间比块茎早17d.DM在各器官中的分配以块茎形成末期和块茎增大末期为转折点;在块茎形成末期之前,DM分配比例以叶片最大,其后以块茎最大;干质量平衡期出现在块茎增大末期(出苗后90d左右),此期之前块茎的DM积累量小于根茎叶,二者的积累量呈正相关,其后块茎大于根茎叶,二者呈负相关.全株干物质积累主要来源于块茎.植株干物质积累量在苗期、块茎形成期、块茎增长期、淀粉积累期和成熟期的分配比例分别为5%、30%、60%、4%和1%,块茎干物质积累量的分配比例分别为0、18%、62%、18%和2%.全生育期内,马铃薯50%以上的干物质在块茎增长期形成.马铃薯品种"新大坪"各器官中钾浓度以茎最高,块茎最低,在干质量平衡期之前根中的钾浓度高于叶,之后低于叶;各器官中钾的积累量在干质量平衡期之前集中分配在根茎叶中,表现为茎>叶>根,之后主要向块茎中分配和积累,至成熟期,60%以上的钾贮藏在块茎中.In 2010,a field experiment with potato（Solanum tuberosum） cultivar ＇Xindaping＇ was conducted at the Dingxi Extension Center of Gansu Province,Northwest China,aimed to understand the accumulation and distribution patterns of dry matter（DM） and potassium（K） in the organs of potato plant in semi-arid rainfed areas.During the whole growth period of the cultivar,the DM accumulation in root,stem,and leaf all showed a unimodal curve,with the DM accumulation rate being leaf stem root,whereas the DM accumulation in whole plant and tuber was an S-curve.The maximum DM accumulation rate of the whole plant was higher than that of the tuber,and appeared 17 days earlier.The distribution of DM in different organs showed two turning points,i.e.,during the tuber formation（TF） period and the tuber growth（TG） period.During TF period,the DM accumulation was the greatest in leaf,followed by in tuber.The TF period was also the DM balance period,which occurred 90 days after emergence.Before the DM balance period,the DM accumulation in tuber was lesser than that in root,stem,and leaf,and there was a positive correlation between the DM accumulation in tuber and in root,stem,and leaf.However,after the DM balance period,the DM accumulation in tuber was greater than that in root,stem,and leaf,and the correlation was negative.At seedling stage and in TF period,TG period,starch accumulation period,and maturity period,the DM accumulation in whole plant was 5%,30%,60%,4%,and 1%,while that in tuber was 0,18%,62%,18%,and 2%,respectively.In the whole growth period,more than 50% of the DM was formed in TG period.The K concentration was the highest in stem and the lowest in tuber,though the K was mostly concentrated in root before the DM balance period.The K accumulation before the DM balance period was mostly in root,stem,and leaf,with the sequence of stem leaf root,but after the DM balance period,the K was mainly allocated in tuber,with 60% of the K accumulated in tuber in maturity period.

关 键 词：马铃薯 干物质 钾素 积累与分配 半干旱雨养农业区 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]